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Isaiah refers to the Assyrian king Sennacherib with the same title and language used in the Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib, demonstrating an awareness of Assyrian traditions in its narrative of king Hezekiah.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
The Royal Inscriptions of Sennacherib
Ancient Near East
Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of Assyria, unrivaled king, pious shepherd who reveres the great gods, guardian of truth who loves justice, renders assistance, goes to the aid of the weak, and strives after good deeds, perfect man, virile warrior, foremost of all rulers, the bridle that controls the insubmissive, and the one who strikes enemies with lightning. The god Aššur, the great mountain, granted to me unrivaled sovereignty and made my weapons greater than those of all who sit on royal dais.
Date: 704 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
Isaiah 36:4
Hebrew Bible
2 The king of Assyria sent his chief adviser from Lachish to King Hezekiah in Jerusalem, along with a large army. The chief adviser stood at the conduit of the upper pool that is located on the road to the field where they wash and dry cloth. 3 Eliakim son of Hilkiah, the palace supervisor, accompanied by Shebna the scribe and Joah son of Asaph, the secretary, went out to meet him. 4 The chief adviser said to them, “Tell Hezekiah: ‘This is what the great king, the king of Assyria, says: “What is your source of confidence? 5 Your claim to have a strategy and military strength is just empty talk. In whom are you trusting, that you would dare to rebel against me?
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Notes and References
"... Surprisingly enough, Tadmor’s suggestion was not widely discussed. It was of course mentioned in Cogan and Tadmor’s Anchor Bible commentary on 2 Kings. It was also supported by Chaim Cohen in an article published in 1979, in which he showed that some of the expressions used in Rabshakeh’s speech, such as the title “the Great King, King of Assyria” and the description of Egypt as “a broken reed,” while appearing nowhere else in the Bible, are typical of Assyrian royal inscriptions, a fact that strengthens the probability of the speech’s historical accuracy. Both Tadmor and Cogan mention Ahiqar, the Aramean adviser who served in the court of Esarhaddon, Sennacherib’s son. Machinist, in his article on Rabshakeh, writes of “Hayim Tadmor’s now celebrated view,” and they all cite the Babylonian Talmud tractate b. Sanhedrin 60a, which suggests that “Rabshakeh was an apostate Israelite.” But beyond this, Tadmor’s suggestion was not discussed seriously by scholars ..."
Levin, Yigal
"How Did Rabshakeh Know the Language of Judah?" in Yona, Shamir (ed.) Marbeh Ḥokmah: Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East in Loving Memory of Victor Avigdor Hurowitz
(pp. 323-337) Eisenbrauns, 2015
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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