The Dream of Gudea
Gudea CylindersIn her boat she embarked not. At her city Nina, she left the boat fixed. The patesi in the court of the goddess of Sirara lifted his head heavenward. A sacrifice he made, pure water he poured out. To Nina he went, a prayer he brought. “O Nina, lady of priestly rights, lady of precious decrees. O lady, like Enlil, deciding fates, O Nina, your word is faithful; above all it excels. Prophetess of the gods you are; mistress of the lands you are. O mother, let me relate now the dream. The meaning of the dream I know not. There was a man — like heaven was his form, like earth was his form; as to the crown of his head a god was he; at his side was the storm-bird; at his feet was the hurricane; at his right and at his left a panther lay. He commanded me to build his temple. His meaning I do not understand. The sun arose from the world. There was a woman, who was it not, who was it? . . . she made. The sacred stylus she held in her hand. She possessed the tablet of the good stars. “She counseled with herself. “Secondly, there was a strong man; ... a tablet of lapis lazuli he held in his hand. For the temple a plan he made. Before me a holy head basket he placed; the holy mold he arranged. The brick of fate in the mold he made. By the sacred . . . placed before me the . . . bird brought morning light to me. An ass crouched at the right of my lord.”
Ezekiel 40:2
1 In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month, in the fourteenth year after the city was struck down, on this very day, the hand of the Lord was on me, and he brought me there. 2 By divine visions he brought me to the land of Israel and placed me on a very high mountain, and on it was a structure like a city, to the south. 3 When he brought me there, I saw a man whose appearance was like bronze, with a linen cord and a measuring stick in his hand. He was standing in the gateway. 4 The man said to me, “Son of man, watch closely, listen carefully, and pay attention to everything I show you, for you have been brought here so that I can show it to you. Tell the house of Israel everything you see.” 5 I saw a wall all around the outside of the temple. In the man’s hand was a measuring stick 10½ feet long. He measured the thickness of the wall as 10½ feet and its height as 10½ feet.
Notes and References
"... G. Buchanan Gray suggested that the vision of the new Temple in the Jerusalem to come, described in Ezekiel 40–43, might have been influenced by similar Babylonian visions. Gray mentioned Gudea’s dream, wherein the gods reveal to the king the plan of the Temple, in accordance with which he then builds it ... In a series of lectures, Hugo Gressmann discussed the Babylonian background of Ezekiel’s vision of the New Jerusalem (Ezekiel 40–48). He pointed out that the building plan of the Temple was revealed to King Gudea of Lagaš (2200 BCE) in a dream, while it was revealed in a vision to Ezekiel (40:2). Both would, therefore, reflect an ancient Near Eastern literary topos ..."
Bodi, Daniel The Mesopotamian Context of Ezekiel (pp. 1-32) Oxford University Press, 2018