"... Matthew 9:17 offers a summary of the kind attested occasionally in his redactional work (Matthew 5:18 diff. Luke 16:17, etc.): the “new wine and new skins” are preserved. This probably refers to the new reality of the rule of God and to the new commandments of Jesus (Matthew 5) ... Some scholars have proposed that originally, the metaphors of the old garment and the new wine did not belong together, since the former concerns the preservation of what is old and the latter concerns the protection of what is new. However, the motifs of an old garment and wine skins are already linked in Job 13:28. Repairing a garment and filling wine skins were typically female and male activities. Jesus occasionally employed double metaphors and double parables, which were among his favorite modes of speaking ... An old garment can symbolize the past (Hosea 5:12; Isaiah 50:9; 51:6, 8; Sirach 14:17), and especially the past of the cosmos (Psalm 101:27). The fragility of the human person is compared to an old bag and a moth-eaten garment (Job 13:28). New or bright clothing could symbolize an existence renewed by God (2 Enoch 22.8), and wine could be the symbol of the age of salvation (Genesis 49:11–12; Amos 9:13–14; Isaiah 65:21). The eschatological festal calendar of the Qumran community included a feast of the new wine (11QMiqd XIX, 14–15; XX, 4–10). Old wine, which was regarded as particularly good in the Old Testament (Isaiah 25:6), Hellenistic-Roman and Jewish milieus (Sirach 9:10; b. Berakhot 51a), is sometimes employed in the rabbinic literature as a symbol of the doctrine of Torah ..."