Texts in Conversation
The Samaritan version of Exodus describes the golden incense altar right after the curtain that hides the ark, four chapters before Hebrew Exodus does. Hebrews 9 places that altar behind the curtain with the ark, perhaps following the Samaritan order.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Samaritan Exodus 26:35
Samaritan Penteteuch
Samaritan
31 And you shall make a veil of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen; they shall make it with cherubim, the work of a skillful workman. 32 And you shall hang it upon four pillars of acacia overlaid with gold; their hooks shall be of gold, on four sockets of silver. 33 And you shall hang up the veil under the clasps, and shall bring the ark of the testimony in there within the veil, and the veil shall separate for you between the holy [place] and the most holy. 34 And you shall put the ark-cover upon the ark of the testimony in the most holy place. 35 And you shall set the table outside the veil, and the lampstand opposite the table on the side of the tabernacle toward the south. And you shall put the table on the north side. And you shall make an altar to burn incense on; of acacia wood shall you make it. A cubit [shall be] its length, and a cubit its breadth; it shall be square, and two cubits [shall be] its height. Its horns shall be [of one piece] with it. And you shall overlay it with pure gold, its top, and its sides round about [it], and its horns. And you shall make for it a crown of gold round about [it]. And two golden rings you shall make for it under its crown; upon its two ribs, upon the two sides of it shall you make them. And they shall be for places for staves with which to bear it. And you shall make the staves of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold. And you shall put it before the veil that is by the ark of the testimony, where I will meet with you. And Aaron shall burn incense of sweet spices on it every morning; when he dresses the lamps, he shall burn it. And when Aaron lights the lamps at twilight, he shall burn it, a perpetual incense before Shema throughout your generations. You shall offer no alien incense on it, or burned offering, or meal offering, and you shall pour no drink offering on it. And Aaron shall make atonement on its horns once in the year; with the blood of the sin offering of atonement once in the year he shall make atonement for it throughout your generations. It is most holy to Shema.
Hebrews 9:4
New Testament
1 Now the first covenant, in fact, had regulations for worship and its earthly sanctuary. 2 For a tent was prepared, the outer one, which contained the lampstand, the table, and the presentation of the loaves; this is called the Holy Place. 3 And after the second curtain there was a tent called the holy of holies. 4 It contained the golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant covered entirely with gold. In this ark were the golden urn containing the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant. 5 And above the ark were the cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat. Now is not the time to speak of these things in detail.
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Notes and References
“... Auctor’s interest in the tabernacle instead of the temple could be said to reflect a Samaritan concern, since the Samaritans rejected the Jerusalem temple, and some Samaritan sources linked the tabernacle to Mt. Gerizim. Following a suggestion of P. Kahle, Scobie thinks that the apparent placing of the altar of incense inside the Holy of Holies in Heb. 9:3f. reflects a reading of the Samaritan pentateuch, in which Ex. 30:1–10 (the description of the incense altar) comes between Ex. 26:35 and 36 — ‘‘It follows immediately upon the description of the veil which separates off the Holy of Holies.’’ ...”
Hurst, L. D.
The Epistle to the Hebrews: Its Background of Thought
(p. 77) Cambridge University Press, 1990
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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