Texts in Conversation
Proverbs describes a woman tempting a young man with a richly furnished bed. In 4Q184 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the bed becomes a bed of Sheol, turning an invitation to pleasure into a warning about death.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Proverbs 7:13-18
Hebrew Bible
13 So she grabbed him and kissed him, and with a bold expression she said to him, 14 “I have meat from my peace offerings at home; today I have fulfilled my vows! 15 That is why I came out to meet you, to look for you, and I found you! 16 I have spread my bed with elegant coverings, with richly colored fabric from Egypt. 17 I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon. 18 Come, let’s drink deeply of lovemaking until morning; let’s delight ourselves with love’s pleasures.
4Q184 1:4-7
The Seductress
Dead Sea Scrolls, Wisdom and Instruction
4 foundations of darkness; a multitude of transgressions is in her skirts. … the gloom of night, and her clothing […] 5 Her coverings are the deep darkness of twilight, and her ornaments are plagues of the pit. Her couches, her beds, are beds of Sheol […] 6 depths of the pit. Her lodgings are couches of darkness, and in the dead of night are her dominions. From the foundations of deep darkness 7 she pitches her dwelling, and she resides in the tents of silence, in the midst of everlasting burnings. She has no inheritance among all
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Notes and References
“... A key difference between the Strange Woman and the woman of
4Q184 regards eroticism, as Jones has observed.
23 Prov 7 is sexually
charged. The Strange Woman embraces and kisses a man (7:13).
She boldly suggests to him: "I have decked my couch with coverings,
colored spreads of Egyptian linen; I have perfumed my bed with
myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon. Come, let us take our fill of love until
morning, let us delight ourselves with love" (7:16-18; cf. 5:19). The
description of her chambers prepared for erotic pleasures echoes the
Song of Songs.
24 Song 4:14 associates a woman with myrrh and
aloes (cf. 4:6; 5:5), and the poem begins famously with a woman's
call to have sex with her male lover, akin to Prov 7:18 (Song 1:2, 4).
The woman in 4Q184 1 never asks a man to sleep with her. There is
no account in the text of a woman kissing or embracing a man.
25
4Q184 never describes the difficulty of resisting the advances of a
beautiful female. In this sense 4QWiles of the Wicked Woman is not
the best title for this text. The woman is not particularly wily. [...] 4QWiles of the Wicked Woman is unique among Qumran wisdom
texts in its interest in the Strange Woman of Prov 7.
4Q184
appropriates details about this woman and provides a new portrait of
her. Her marital status is no longer an issue and there is less emphasis
on her sexual overtures. Both the Strange Woman and the woman of
4Q184 lead victims to their death. But the latter figure is more
colorfully associated with death than the former.
The figure of
4Q184 is situated in Sheol in a more explicit manner than the Strange
Woman. 4Q184 offers a more vivid portrait of Sheol than Proverbs,
describing it as a realm of darkness and flames. The text exhibits a
dualism of light and darkness, with the former associated with a
blessed afterlife for the righteous and the latter with eternal
punishment for the wicked. Like the Strange Woman, the woman of
4Q184 represents a way of life that results in death.
But the
conception of death in 4Q184 is different from that of Proverbs,
influenced by late Second Temple concepts of eschatology and
punishment after death. 4Q184 transforms the Strange Woman from
an alluring but dangerous married woman into a mythological figure
of evil. ...”
Goff, Matthew J.
Discerning Wisdom: The Sapiential Literature of the Dead Sea Scrolls
(p. 109, 121) Brill, 2007
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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