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In the Odyssey, the goddess Calypso keeps Odysseus on her island while he longs to return home. Exegesis on the Soul, a Nag Hammadi text, interprets him as the soul, which longs for home but cannot get there without help from heaven.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Homer, Odyssey 1.58

Classical
45 “Father of us all, you son of Cronos, high above all lords, yes, truly that man lies low in a destruction that is his due; so, too, may any other also be destroyed who does such deeds. But my heart is torn for wise Odysseus, hapless man, who far from his friends has long been suffering woes 50 in a sea-girt isle, where is the navel of the sea. It is a wooded isle, and in it dwells a goddess, daughter of Atlas of baneful mind, who knows the depths of every sea, and himself holds the tall pillars which keep earth and heaven apart. 55 His daughter it is that keeps back that wretched, sorrowing man; and always with soft and wheedling words she beguiles him that he may forget Ithaca. But Odysseus, in his longing to see were it but the smoke leaping up from his own land, yearns to die. Yet your
Date: 725 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Exegesis on the Soul 6:1

Nag Hammadi
It is accordingly written in the poet: “Odysseus sat on the island suffering and grieving and turning away his face from the words of Calypso and from her charms, yearning to see his village again and smoke rising up from it. And if he had not [received] assistance from Heaven, [he could not have returned] to his village.” ‒ (Homer, Odyssey 1.48-1.59)
Date: 200-230 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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