Texts in Conversation

In Mark, Jesus asks who his family is and looks around before answering. In Luke and the Gospel of Thomas, he identifies his family without those actions, preserving the teaching in a shorter, less dramatic exchange.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Mark 3:33

New Testament
31 Then Jesus’ mother and his brothers came. Standing outside, they sent word to him, to summon him. 32 A crowd was sitting around him and they said to him, “Look, your mother and your brothers are outside looking for you.” 33 He answered them and said, “Who are my mother and my brothers?” 34 And looking at those who were sitting around him in a circle, he said, “Here are my mother and my brothers! 35 For whoever does the will of God is my brother and sister and mother.”
Date: 60-75 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Luke 8:21

New Testament
19 Now Jesus’ mother and his brothers came to him, but they could not get near him because of the crowd. 20 So he was told, “Your mother and your brothers are standing outside, wanting to see you.” 21 But he replied to them, “My mother and my brothers are those who hear the word of God and do it.”
Date: 75-85 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Gospel of Thomas 1:99

Nag Hammadi
98 Jesus said, “The Father’s kingdom is like a man who wanted to kill a powerful man. In his own house he drew his sword and stabbed it into the wall to find out whether his hand would go in. Then he killed the powerful man.” 99 The disciples said to him, “Your brothers and your mother are standing outside.” He said to them, “Those here who do the will of my Father are my brothers and my mother; they are the ones who will enter the kingdom of my Father.” 100 They showed Jesus a gold coin and said to him, “Caesar’s men demand taxes from us.” He said to them, “Give Caesar the things that are Caesar’s; give God the things that are God’s; and give me what is mine.”
Date: 90-130 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#6662
“... Luke 8:19–21 severely abbreviates the Marcan pronouncement story, while at the same time adding the explanation that the mother and brothers could not reach Jesus “because of the crowd” (v 19). After the announcement of this fact to Jesus (v 20), Luke omits Jesus’ gesture and rhetorical question and jumps immediately to Jesus’ climactic response (v 21): “My mother and my brothers, these are the ones who hear the word of God and do [it].” This identification of Jesus’ mother and brothers with the ones who hear the word of God stands in sharp contrast to the Marcan form of the story, where Jesus, upon being told that his family is seeking him, first asks rhetorically, “Who is my mother and my brother?,” and then looks at those sitting in a circle around him, affirming, “Whoever does the will of God, this is my brother and sister and mother.” [...] As happens elsewhere in Thomas, we find CGT 99 pushing Luke’s abbreviating tendency even further: “The disciples said to him: ‘Your brothers and your mother are standing outside.’ He said to them: ‘Those here who do the will of my Father, these are my brothers and my mother. They are the ones who shall go into the kingdom of my Father.’” [...] (4) However, Thomas agrees with Luke in mentioning only the mother and brothers (or vice versa) in the final pronouncement, while in both Mark and Matthew the pronouncement includes brother, sister, and mother. (5) Mark and Matthew also agree in using the singular form for all three persons listed in the final pronouncement; both evangelists begin with the singular form of the relative pronoun (“who[ever] does . . .”). Once again, Thomas’ form of the pronouncement agrees with Luke’s in speaking in the plural of “those who . . . do.” ...”

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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