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Malachi promises that Elijah will turn fathers and sons toward each other. In 4Q521 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, fathers come to their sons amid blessing and joy, echoing the promise without naming Elijah.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Malachi 4:4-6
Hebrew Bible
4 “Remember the law of my servant Moses, to whom at Horeb I gave rules and regulations for all Israel to obey. 5 Look, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the great and terrible day of the Lord arrives. 6 He will turn the hearts of the fathers to the sons, and the hearts of the sons to their fathers10, so that I will not come and strike the earth with judgment.”
4Q521 5:1-5
A Messianic Apocalypse
Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocalyptic and Eschatological Texts
1 and the statute of your kindness, and I will set them free with [… for] 2 it is certain: the fathers are coming to the sons. [Blessed …] 3 whom the blessing of the Lord in his good will […] 4 the land rejoiced in every place […] 5 for all Israel in rejoicing […]
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Notes and References
“... This messianic figure in 4Q521 2 II + 4 line 1 has been identified with an
eschatological prophet after the model of Elijah by J.J. Collins. Collins
supports this identification of the messianic figure as ‘Elijah redivivus’
through comparison with 4Q521 2 III 1–2 that mentions return of the
fathers to the sons and echoes Mal 3:24. [...] According to this
interpretation, the messianic figure is the one who will proclaim good
news to the poor, but a connection with 4Q521 2 III 1–2 and the role of
the messianic figure does not appear established. 4Q521 2 III 1–4 envi-
sions eschatological circumstances of restoration, blessing of the Lord,
and joy everywhere on earth, perhaps concomitant with or subsequent to
the good tidings heralded by the messianic figure in 4Q521 2 II + 4. [...] A number of factors complicate the identification of the messianic
figure with ‘Elijah redivivus’. Elijah is not named as such in any of the
fragments of 4Q521 ...”
Hogeterp, Albert L.
Expectations of the End: A Comparative Study of Eschatological, Apocalyptic, and Messianic Ideas in the Dead Sea Scrolls and New Testament
(pp. 446-447) Brill, 2009
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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