KAR 307
Cuneiform Texts from Assur
Ancient Near East
The upper heavens ... The god Anu ... The dwelling of the god Enlil ... The ... of the god Ea ... The upper heavens are of luludānītu-stone, they belong to Anu. He settled the 300 Igigi within it. The middle heavens are of saggilmud-stone, they belong to the Igigi. Bel sat on the high dais within it, in a lapis lazuli shrine. The lower heavens are of lapis lazuli uqnû-stone, they belong to Bel. He drew the constellations, the images of the gods within it.
Date: 700 BCE (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
Exodus 24:9
Hebrew Bible
8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.” 9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up, 10 and they saw the God of Israel. Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself. 11 But he did not lay a hand on the leaders of the Israelites, so they saw God, and they ate and they drank.
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)
Source
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Notes and References
"... it must be assumed that the floors of each level of the heavens were composed of a different type of stone, and that there was open space between each stone floor, just as there is open space between the earth's surface and the Lower Heavens. Furthermore, it may be assumed that each stone floor was visible from below and served as a roof for the region below. These assumptions find support in a parallel from Exodus 24:9-10, where the floor of heaven is apparently built of blue brick ... Hebrew 'sapphire', which is equated with Greek sapheiros and Latin sappirus, is a blue stone and has often been identified with lapis-lazuli. Thus, the blue brick floor of heaven in Exodus, when seen from below, may be identified with the blue background color of the sky on clear days and the darker blue of the clear night sky. In KAR 307, Anu and the Igigi apparently stand on luludanitu-stone and saggilmud-stone floors of the Upper and Middle Heavens, just as the God of Israel stands on a blue 'sapphire' brick heavenly floor in Exodus ..."
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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