Texts in Conversation
Isaiah describes a herald crossing the mountains to announce peace. In 11Q13 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, the mountains become prophets, and Isaiah 61 helps identify the herald as a messenger anointed with the spirit.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Isaiah 52:7-10
Hebrew Bible
7 How delightful it is to see approaching over the mountains the feet of a messenger who announces peace, a messenger who brings good news, who announces deliverance, who says to Zion, “Your God reigns!” 8 Listen, your watchmen shout; in unison they shout for joy, for they see with their very own eyes the Lord’s return to Zion. 9 In unison give a joyful shout, O ruins of Jerusalem! For the Lord consoles his people; he protects Jerusalem. 10 The Lord reveals his royal power in the sight of all the nations; the entire earth sees our God deliver.
11Q13 2:15-20
The Heavenly Prince Melchizedek
Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation
15 this … is the day [of peace], of which he spoke [… through] Isaiah the prophet, who said, [“How] lovely 16 on the mountains are the feet of the herald who proclaims peace, the herald [of good news who proclaims salvation], who says to Zion, ‘Your God [is king].’” 17 Its interpretation: the mountains [are] the prophets, they … […] … for all … […] 18 And the herald is the one anointed of the spirit, as Daniel said [about him, “Until an anointed one, a prince, there are seven weeks.” And the herald of] 19 good news who proclaims [salvation] is the one about whom it is written that […] 20 “to comfort the [mourners.” Its interpretation:] to instruct them in all the ages of the world […]
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Notes and References
“... The first element in the biblical verse is the reference to the “moun-
tains.” This is decoded as an allusion to “the prophets” (l. 17).11 Unfor-
tunately, the lacuna that follows precludes any further understanding
of the presentation of the prophets.12 The eschatological context of the
text as a whole, and this passage in particular, suggests that the clas-
sical biblical prophets are not in view. Rather, “prophets” here refers
to those who will appear in the eschatological age.13 Even with this
sharper understanding, there is little more that can be said about these
general prophets and their eschatological function. Following Bowley, it
should be emphasized that the passage supports the belief in multiple
eschatological prophets. [...] The full understanding of the eschatological role of the herald from
Isa 52:7 is now interpreted in the pesher by recourse to two additional
passages found later in the book of Isaiah (Isa 61:1–2). The first mention
of the herald in Isa 52:7 is understood implicitly in light of Isa 61:1,
which identifies the herald as one anointed with the spirit. ...”
Jassen, Alex P.
Mediating the Divine: Prophecy and Revelation in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Second Temple Judaism
(pp. 179-180) Brill, 2007
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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