Texts in Conversation

Isaiah announces that the dead will live again. In 4Q521 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, this hope may underlie the extraordinary acts God will perform, placing resurrection beside healing and good news for the poor.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Isaiah 26:17-21

Hebrew Bible
17 As when a pregnant woman gets ready to deliver and strains and cries out because of her labor pains, so were we because of you, O Lord. 18 We were pregnant, we strained, we gave birth, as it were, to wind. We cannot produce deliverance on the earth; no people are born to populate the world. 19 Your dead will come back to life; your corpses will rise up. Wake up and shout joyfully, you who live in the dust!32 For you will grow like plants drenched with the morning dew, and the earth will bring forth its dead spirits. 20 Go, my people! Enter your inner rooms! Close your doors behind you! Hide for a little while, until his angry judgment is over. 21 For look, the Lord is coming out of the place where he lives to punish the sin of those who live on the earth. The earth will display the blood shed on it; it will no longer cover up its slain.
Date: 7th-5th Centuries B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

4Q521 4:8-13

A Messianic Apocalypse
Dead Sea Scrolls, Apocalyptic and Eschatological Texts
8 setting prisoners free, opening the eyes of the blind, raising up those who are bowed down. 9 And forever I will cling to those who hope, and in his kindness … 10 and the fruit of a good [deed] will not be delayed for anyone. 11 And the Lord will do glorious things that have not been, as he [said]. 12 For he will heal the wounded and give life to the dead; he will bring good news to the humble, 13 and the [poor] he will satisfy, the uprooted he will lead, and the hungry he will make rich,
Date: 100 B.C.E. - 50 B.C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#7349
“... The fourth example, well known since initial publication in 1992, illustrates how intertextuality in the New Testament with sacred tradition from the Jewish scriptures can include the reception of that tradition in the Second Temple period. In describing the eschatological activities of the Adonai, 4Q521 2 ii + 464 quotes Psalm 146:7-8 (line 8) and Isaiah 61:1 (line 12). Just before the citation that recognizably comes from Isaiah 61 (“he will bring good news to the afflicted”), the text adds two activities not found in either Psalm 146 or Isaiah 61: “for he will heal the wounded, and he will bring the dead to life”. In the tradition shared by Luke and Matthew (Luke 7:22 par. Matt 11:5), Jesus’ answers John the Baptist’s disciples’ question about his identity by describing his activities based on a series of allusions which include Isaiah 61: “the blind see (Ps 146:8; Isa 29:18, 35:5, 42:18) and the lame walk (cf. Isa 35:6); lepers are cleansed and the dumb hear (Isa 35:6; cf. 29:18, 42:18), and the dead are raised (cf. Isa 26:19) and the poor are having good news brought to them (Isa 61:1)”. This last part of Jesus’ answer, which clearly draws on Isaiah 61:1 in combination with the raising of the dead, follows precisely the order as given in 4Q521 2 ii + 4.12. Though it is possible that the reference to raising the dead in 4Q521 is an allusion to Isaiah 26:19, the occurrence of this motif within a list that draws on Isaiah 61 indicates that we more likely have to do with an adaptation of the latter. Jesus’ answer, then, draws on Isaiah 61 in a form that is only found in 4Q521. This does not mean, though, that one can assert the direct influence of the Dead Sea text (not to mention of Essene ideas – 4Q521 does not make use of any sectarian terminology characteristic of the YaÌad) on Jesus. ...”

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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