Texts in Conversation

Sifre Deuteronomy and the Gospel of Philip picture a master feeding children and slaves. Sifre gives both groups food when they obey; Philip gives them different food to explain different teaching, changing the household's lesson about access.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Gospel of Philip 11:49

Nag Hammadi
An owner of a household gained everything, be it child, or slave, or cattle, or dog, or pig, or corn, [or] barley, or chaff, or hay, or [...], or meat, and acorn, [but he is] wise, and he knows which food is for each [one]. He gave bread to the children, [...], but he gave [... and grain to] the slaves, and [he pitched barley], and chaff, and hay to the cattle. He threw bones to the dogs, [and] he threw acorns and slop to [the pigs]. This is the way of the disciple of God. If he be wise, he will know what being a disciple is. The forms of the body will not fool him, but he will assess the condition of each individual soul, and will speak with him.
Date: 180-250 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Sifre Deuteronomy 40:12

Halakhic Midrash
Rabbinic
R. Shimon b. Yochai says: An analogy: A king had many sons and servants, who were fed and sustained by him, the key to the storehouse being in his hand. When they do his will, he opens the storehouse and they eat and are sated. When they do not do his will, he locks the storehouse and they die of hunger. Thus with Israel. When they do the L-rd's will — (Devarim 18:12) "The L-rd will open for you His goodly treasure trove, the heavens," and when they do not do His will — (Ibid. 11:17) "And the wrath of the L-rd will burn against you, and He will hold back the heavens and there will not be rain."
Date: 200 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#7128
“... In this parable, the by now well-known image of a master feeding his slaves is taken up. Compare, for example, the rabbinic parable from Sifre Deuteronomy 40 that we have discussed above. Just like the parable from Sifre Deuteronomy, the parable from the Gospel of Philip features a master (in Sifre a king1412) who distributes food both to his sons and slaves (cattle is not mentioned in Sifre). Clearly, there are also differences between the parable in Sifre Deuteronomy and the Gospel of Philip: first, in Sifre Deuteronomy, no differentiation is made between the food for both groups. Moreover, while the parable of Sifre Deuteronomy compares the master with God, in the Gospel of Philip, it is the disciple (the follower of Jesus) who is compared to the master. The application of the Gospel of Philip is typically gnostic, and according to Wilson “quite straightforward”:1413 as the wise householder distinguishes what kind of food he gives to which animal or person, so too does the true gnostic distinguish between the different natures of the soul that are present in this world. Only to beings of the highest level – compared to the sons or children in the parable – does he give the best “food,” the most sophisticated teachings. The slaves, representing the lower level of souls, are given teachings of lower quality (“elementary lessons”). The “animals in human form” do not receive food that is compared to a certain kind of instruction. This may remind us of Matthew 7:6b: “Do not give what is holy to dogs; and do not throw your pearls before swine.” According to Lalleman, the parable is even an “extension” of this saying, “[l]ike so much in the Gospel of Philip.”1414 Thus, content-wise as well, we may conclude that, while the Gospel of Philip gives its own, gnostic, twist to the parable, the themes of the parable are in line with (parable) traditions from the New Testament and early rabbinic literature.1415 ...”
Stoutjesdijk, Martijn Not Like the Rest of the Slaves? (p. 233) Tilburg University, 2021

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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