“... It is not clear to me, however, that 4QInstruction envisions a Fall, or a sin of Adam, at all. We find further echoes of Genesis 2–3 in the very fragmentary text 4Q423, which appears to take the garden as a metaphor for life, which may be either delightful or full of thorns depending on whether the gardener is faithful or not. Even there, however, there is no clear reference to a primeval sin. Rather, Genesis is treated as a paradigmatic story that outlines two permanent possibilities in life. While much is unclear in 4QInstruction, because of the fragmentary state of the text, the contrast between the people of spirit, who are formed in the image of the holy ones, and the spirit of flesh, appears to be primordial. The fact that the verb “to fashion” is imported into the paraphrase of Genesis 1 does not necessarily mean that the two accounts are being fused into a single creation. ...”