Texts in Conversation
Exodus 20 opens with God using the divine name, as the one who brought Israel from Egypt. Genesis 15 shows it was edited later by echoing this formula, applying it to Abram, and anachronistically using the divine name before it was revealed.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Genesis 15:7
Hebrew Bible
5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!” Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.” 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him. 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.” 8 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, by what can I know that I am to possess it?”
Exodus 20:2
Hebrew Bible
1 God spoke all these words: 2 “I, the Lord, am your God, who brought you from the land of Egypt, from the house of slavery. 3 “You shall have no other gods before me. 4 “You shall not make for yourself a carved image or any likeness of anything that is in heaven above or that is on the earth beneath or that is in the water below.
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Notes and References
… Genesis 15:7 contains a well-known formula for divine self-revelation: “I am Yhwh.” The wording would have evoked a number of texts like Exodus 20:2 and Leviticus 25:38, which tie the revelation of the divine name to the exodus. Whatever modern historians might conclude about the advent of Yahwism, the Priestly view is clear: Abram never received a revelation of Yhwh’s name. Genesis 15, on the other hand, creates a flatly contradictory scenario: while the ancestor’s name was still Abram, he heard directly from Yhwh: “I am Yhwh, who brought you out of Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.” The scope of the Yhwh story is expanded backwards in time, from the sojourn in Egypt to an origin in Babylon. It is not simply that the narrator and audience know the divine name, while it remains unknown to the characters in Genesis, as suggested by the Priestly source in Exodus 6:2–3. The secret of the name is out, and Abram can use it freely (Genesis 15:2, 8) …
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