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Genesis names Ashteroth Karnaim as the single place where raiding kings struck the Rephaim. Jubilees echoes that name but splits the one site into two separate cities of the giants, Ashtarot and Karnaim, mapping their lost kingdom.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Genesis 14:5
Hebrew Bible
4 For twelve years they had served Kedorlaomer, but in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 5 In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer and the kings who were his allies came and defeated the Rephaites in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 6 and the Horites in their hill country of Seir, as far as El Paran, which is near the desert.
Jubilees 29:10
Pseudepigrapha
9 But at first the land of Gilead was named the land of Rafaem because it was the land of the Rafaim. The Rafaim were born, giants whose heights were ten cubits, nine cubits, eight cubits, and down to seven cubits. 10 The places where they lived extended from the land of the Ammonites as far as Mt. Hermon. Their royal centers were Karnaim, Ashtarot, Edrei, Misur, and Beon. 11 The Lord destroyed them because of the evil things they did, for they were very wicked. The Amorites — evil and sinful — lived in their place. Today there is no nation that has matched all their sins. They no longer have length of life on the earth.
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Notes and References
... Karnaim. The name is regularly combined with the next one (Ashteroth-karnaim); Genesis 14:5 says that Chedorlaomer and the allied kings defeated ‘the Rephaim in Ashteroth-karnaim’ (for the name alone, see Amos 6:13). Ashtaroth. Besides being coupled with Karnaim, Ashtaroth appears alone as the place where King Og ruled (Deuteronomy 1:4; Joshua 13:12; compare also Joshua 9:10; 12:4). Edrei. This too was a city of the giant King Og (Deuteronomy 1:4; Joshua 13:12 [another passage where he is called a remnant of the Rephaim]; see also Numbers 21:33; Deuteronomy 3:1, 10 [in verse 5 Og is a remnant of the Rephaim]; Joshua 12:4). ...
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