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Genesis names Iscah as Haran’s daughter and Sarah as Abram’s wife without connecting them. Rabbinic tradition equates the two, making Sarah Abraham’s niece and adding that her name marks her gift of prophecy.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

Genesis 11:29

Hebrew Bible
28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans, while his father Terah was still alive. 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah. 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children.
Date: 5th Century B.C.E. (Final composition) (based on scholarly estimates)

Megillah 14a

Babylonian Talmud
Rabbinic
Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said another explanation of the verse “And there was a certain man from Ramathaim-zophim”: A man who comes from two heights [ramot] that face [tzofot] one another. Rabbi Ḥanin said an additional interpretation: A man who descends from people who stood at the height of [rumo] the world. The Gemara asks: And who are these people? The Gemara answers: These are the sons of Korah, as it is written: “But the sons of Korah did not die” (Numbers 26:11), and with regard to them it is taught in the name of our teacher, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: A high place was set aside for them in Gehenna, as the sons of Korah repented in their hearts, and were consequently not propelled very far down in Gehenna when the earth opened to swallow Korah and his followers; and they stood on this high place and sung to the Lord. They alone stood at the height of the lower world. § The Gemara asks with regard to the prophetesses recorded in the baraita: Who were the seven prophetesses? The Gemara answers: Sarah, Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Abigail, Huldah, and Esther. The Gemara offers textual support: Sarah, as it is written: “Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah” (Genesis 11:29). And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Iscah is in fact Sarah. And why was she called Iscah? For she saw [sakhta] by means of divine inspiration, as it is stated: “In all that Sarah has said to you, hearken to her voice” (Genesis 21:12). Alternatively, Sarah was also called Iscah, for all gazed [sokhin] upon her beauty. Miriam was a prophetess, as it is written explicitly: “And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand” (Exodus 15:20). The Gemara asks: Was she the sister only of Aaron, and not the sister of Moses? Why does the verse mention only one of her brothers? Rav Naḥman said that Rav said: For she prophesied when she was the sister of Aaron, i.e., she prophesied since her youth, even before Moses was born, and she would say: My mother is destined to bear a son who will deliver the Jewish people to salvation. And at the time when Moses was born the entire house was filled with light, and her father stood and kissed her on the head, and said to her: My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled.
Date: 450-550 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#5472
“... Whereas the name of the father of Milcah, Nahor’s wife, is mentioned—he was Haran, Terah’s third son, who had died before his father in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees—there is no mention of Sarai’s family. Considering the importance of being ‘ija de famiya’—the daughter of a respectable family—while arranging a matrimonial match, a task performed in the Sephardi Mediterranean milieu by the fathers or older brothers of the young couple—Rabbi Ya’akov Khulí would not leave matters at that. He quoted Rashi’s comment that Iscah, the daughter of Haran, Abraham’s uncle, mentioned in Genesis 11:30, ‘is Sarai,’ thus providing the first biblical Matriarch with biographical data. Moreover, Rashi, citing the Babylonian Talmud, elaborated on the name “Iscah,” connecting it both with being gifted with ruach nevu’ah—the ability to prophesy—and with princely manners: Iscah is Sarah, because she was imbued in ruach nevu’ah and because everyone was impressed with her beauty—as was the case with Pharaoh’s ministers. Furthermore, the name “Iscah” implies princely manners—nesikhut; just as “the name ‘sarah’ that implies—serarah authority.” ...”

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