Texts in Conversation
In Exodus, God hears Israel groaning under slavery. Exegesis on the Soul, a Nag Hammadi text, makes Israel’s rescue depend on those cries and uses the story to call for repentance.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Exodus 2:24
Hebrew Bible
23 During that long period of time the king of Egypt died, and the Israelites groaned because of the slave labor. They cried out, and their desperate cry because of their slave labor went up to God. 24 God heard their groaning; God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25 God saw the Israelites, and God understood.
Exegesis on the Soul 7:1
Nag Hammadi
Israel certainly would not have been visited in the beginning, to be rescued from the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage, if it had not groaned to God and moaned over the tyranny of its slavery. Again in the Psalms it is written: “I was greatly wearied by my groaning. I will flood my bed and my couch every night with my tears. I have grown old in the midst of all my enemies. Depart from me, all you workers of evil, for behold, the Lord has heard the cry of my weeping, and the Lord has accepted my prayer.” ‒ (Psalm 6:6-9)
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Notes and References
“... After the story is told, the hortatory section (135,4ff.) twice says what is proper behavior (―It is fitting‖ 135,4–15; 136,16–27)—sighing, weeping, hating ourselves and this place of deception, repenting with sincerity—and offers assurance that the father hears the penitent. Chains of Scripture (136,25–137,11; 137,11–22) support both points. In the second instance the Scripture quotations also summarize the whole theme of repentance and deliverance, both in terms of narrative. One is from Homer‘s Odyssey (Helen and Odysseus are figures of the soul‘s perilous journey through this world to her true home) and the other is from Israel‘s exodus out of Egypt (to prooftext the groveling which is de rigueur in Exeg. Soul ‘s piety: ―Certainly Israel would not have been visited in the first place, to be brought out of the land of Egypt … if it had not sighed to God and wept …‖). There are also single texts from Scripture: at the end of the narrative didactic definitions are coupled with quotations (134,4–5.11–25.29–135,4). ...”
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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