Texts in Conversation
In Exodus, the Israelites plunder Egypt and take its silver and gold. In the Exagoge, a retelling of the Exodus as a Greek tragedy, and also in the Wisdom of Solomon, these goods are interpreted as a repayment for the Israelites' labor.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Exodus 12:35
Hebrew Bible
31 Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron in the night and said, “Get up, get out from among my people, both you and the Israelites! Go, serve the Lord as you have requested! 32 Also, take your flocks and your herds, just as you have requested, and leave. But bless me also.” 33 The Egyptians were urging the people on, in order to send them out of the land quickly, for they were saying, “We are all dead!” 34 So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, with their kneading troughs bound up in their clothing on their shoulders. 35 Now the Israelites had done as Moses told them—they had requested from the Egyptians silver and gold items and clothing. 36 The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and they gave them whatever they wanted, and so they plundered Egypt.
Exagoge 166
Ezekiel the Tragedian
Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
156 Also order the people that in this month, 157 in the evening, before the full moon rises, 158 they are to sacrifice the Passover to God and mark the doorposts with blood. 159 Then my messenger of death will pass by. 160 Eat the meat roasted over the fire at night. 161 Then the king will drive your assembled people out in a hurry. 162 But before you go, I will give my people favor in the eyes of the Egyptians, 163 so that each woman will receive from her neighbor 164 all the vessels she needs, freely given: 165 silver and gold, and clothing fit to wear, 166 as repayment for what they have done.
Wisdom of Solomon 10:17
Deuterocanon
15 Wisdom delivered a holy people and a blameless seed from a nation of oppressors. 16 She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord, and withstood terrible kings in wonders and signs. 17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils. She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly, and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.
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Notes and References
“... (2) In Wisdom 10:17a Ps-Solomon reproduces an exegetical tradition that is fairly well attested in later sources (Enns, 53-55). This tradition concerns Exodus 12:35-36 (also Ex 3:21-22; 11:2-3), where the Israelites are said to plunder (Heb nṣl; Gk skyleuō) the Egyptians, and maintains that the plundering was justified, a payment for years of unpaid servitude. As Ps-Solomon puts it, “She rewarded holy ones for their labors.” This interpretive tradition is quite early, appearing in texts that likely predate Wisdom of Solomon: Jubilees 48:18, Philo’s Life of Moses 1.141, and Ezekiel the Tragedian’s Exagoge 162-166. It seems that a number of ancient interpreters found the Exodus passage problematic (perhaps in the face of anti-Semitic polemics, where the Israelites were labeled thieves [see Winston, 220]) and sought to justify Israel’s actions by claiming that it was “payment for services rendered.” Ps-Solomon’s passing comment in Wisdom 10:17a is another, and fairly straightforward, witness to this exegetical tradition. As with the previous example, this comment is brief and offered without explanation, suggesting again that it was well known by the time Ps-Solomon wrote. ...”
Longman, Tremper, and Peter Enns
Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings
(p. 889) Inter-Varsity Press, 2008
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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