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Daniel sets seventy weeks for ending sin and making atonement. In 11Q13 from the Dead Sea Scrolls, this timetable becomes ten jubilees, with the final Day of Atonement marking deliverance for the people who belong to Melchizedek.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
Daniel 9:24-27
Hebrew Bible
24 “Seventy weeks have been determined concerning your people and your holy city to put an end to rebellion, to bring sin to completion, to atone for iniquity, to bring in perpetual righteousness, to seal up the prophetic vision, and to anoint a Most Holy Place. 25 So know and understand: From the issuing of the command to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one, a prince arrives, there will be a period of seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will again be built, with plaza and moat, but in distressful times. 26 Now after the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one will be cut off and have nothing. As for the city and the sanctuary, the people of the coming prince will destroy them. But his end will come speedily like a flood. Until the end of the war that has been decreed there will be destruction. 27 He will confirm a covenant with many for one week. But in the middle of that week he will bring sacrifices and offerings to a halt. On the wing of abominations will come one who destroys, until the decreed end is poured out on the one who destroys.”
11Q13 2:6-9
The Heavenly Prince Melchizedek
Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation
6 will bring them back to them. He will proclaim liberty to them, to release them from [the burden of] all their iniquities. And [thus] this thing will happen 7 in the first week of the jubilee that follows the nine jubilees. The Day of Atonement is the end of the tenth jubilee, 8 to atone on it for all the sons of [light] and the men of the lot of Melchizedek. […] … upon them … according to all their deeds, for 9 this is the time of the year of favor for Melchizedek and for his armies, the people of the holy ones of God, for a reign of judgment, as it is written
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Notes and References
“... The chronological scheme adopted in 11QMelchizedek shares fea-
tures with both Daniel 9 and the Enochic Apocalypse of Weeks. As in the lat-
ter, history is divided into ten periods, which in 11QMelchizedek are
termed “jubilees.” Although in the Apocalypse of Weeks the eschatological
age dawns during the eighth “week,” this Qumran text introduces the
final period of redemption and judgment during the tenth jubilee (11Q13
2.6–9). If one “jubilee” represents 49 years, then the ten jubilees add up
to 490 years, the same duration found in Daniel 9. That the author of the
document was aware of and drew upon Daniel 9 directly is likely from
the explicit mention of the chapter later on column 2 (2.18; see under sec.
D, above). The chronological use of Daniel, however, is creative and is
best explained as a combination of the length of time in Daniel 9 with the
tenfold structure found in the Apocalypse of Weeks. ...”
Stuckenbruck, Loren T.
"The Formation and Re-Formation of Daniel in the Dead Sea Scrolls" in Charlesworth, James H. (ed.) The Bible and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Volume One: Scripture and the Scrolls
(p. 126) Baylor University Press, 2006
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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