Texts in Conversation
The Dead Sea Scroll 4Q175 collects passages about a future prophet, king, and priest, opening with Deuteronomy 5 and 18 as one speech from God to Moses. The Samaritan version of Exodus 20 connects those passages the same way, for reasons still unclear.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
4Q175 1:1
Testimonia
Dead Sea Scrolls, Biblical Interpretation
1 The LORD spoke to Moses, saying, “You have heard the sound of the words of 2 this people, which they spoke to you. They have done well in all that they have spoken. 3 If only this heart of theirs would remain, to fear me and to keep all 4 my commandments always, so that it may go well with them and with their children forever. 5 I will raise up for them a prophet like you from among their brothers, and I will put my words 6 in his mouth, and he will speak to them all that I command him. And the man 7 who does not listen to my words, which the prophet speaks in my name, I myself 8 will call him to account.”
Samaritan Exodus 20:21
Samaritan Penteteuch
Samaritan
21 And the people stood afar off, and Moses drew near unto the thick darkness where God was. And the LORD said to Moses to say: I heard what people have said. All that they have spoken to you, they have spoken wisely. All that they have spoken let them put in their hearts so that they can keep my commandments in all their days, so that it would be good to them and to sons of them forever. Prophet I shall raise up to them from the midsts of their brothers, and I will place words of me into his mouth to speak to them all that I'm commanding them. And it becomes that the man who will not listen to his words that are spoken in my name, I shall require from him. But the prophet who will speak insolently in my name that which I have not instructed him to speak, or if he speaks in the name of other Gods, such prophet shall die. And if you will ask yourself in your heart how you shall know which word God has spoken and which he has not, see if the word spoken comes to pass.
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Notes and References
“... Moreover, the first section quoted in this text comes from Dt 5: 28-29, which de facto has no more messianic import than the 4QPsalms of Joshua. But it is closely joined to Dt 18: 18-19 in the first paragraph (note the paragraph dividers on the plate published by Allegro). Mgr P. W. Skehan is quoted as saying that 'the combination of Dt 18: 18-19 with Dt 5: 28-29 is already found in the Samaritan Pentateuch at Ex 20:21'. This fact likewise explains the first few words of the fragment, [...] 'And (Yahweh) spoke to Moses saying'. They differ from the introductory formula of Dt 5: 28, [...] which Allegro thinks has been changed 'for the purpose of the Testimonia selection'. As a matter of fact, the introductory phrase found in 4QTestimonia is identical with that used in the Samaritan Hebrew Pentateuch at Ex 20: 21 b [...]. That there is some connection here between this text and the Samaritan Pentateuch is obvious, even though we have not yet discovered just what it is. At any rate, the close joining of the two passages of Deuteronomy in one paragraph shows that they were regarded as a unit, which ends with the promise of a prophet to come. ...”
Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
Essays on the Semitic Background of the New Testament
(pp. 82-83) Scholars Press, 1971
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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