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In 2 Maccabees, old friends urge Eleazar to bring his own lawful meat and pretend it is the pork from the king's sacrifice. 4 Maccabees changes the offer, so that Eleazar is most likely being asked to go through the motions of eating the pork itself.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
2 Maccabees 6:21
Deuterocanon
18 Eleazar, one of the principal scribes, a man already well advanced in years, and of a noble appearance, was compelled to open his mouth to eat swine’s flesh. 19 But he, welcoming death with honor rather than life with defilement, advanced of his own accord to the instrument of torture, but first spat out the flesh, 20 as men ought to come who are resolute to repel such things as not even for the natural love of life is it lawful to taste. 21 But those who had the charge of that forbidden sacrificial feast took the man aside, for the acquaintance which of old times they had with him, and privately implored him to bring flesh of his own providing, such as was proper for him to use, and to make as if he did eat of the flesh from the sacrifice, as had been commanded by the king; 22 that by so doing he might be delivered from death, and so his ancient friendship with them might be treated kindly. 23 But he, having formed a high resolve, and one that became his years, the dignity of old age, and the gray hairs which he had reached with honor, and his excellent education from a child, or rather the holy laws of God’s ordaining, declared his mind accordingly, bidding them to quickly send him to Hades. 24 “For it doesn’t become our years to dissemble,” he said, “that many of the young should suppose that Eleazar, the man of ninety years, had gone over to an alien religion;
4 Maccabees 6:15
Pseudepigrapha, Wisdom and Poetry
12 Therefore, partly in pity for his old age, 13 partly from the sympathy of acquaintance, and partly in admiration of his endurance, some of the attendants of the king said, 14 “Why do you unreasonably destroy yourself, O Eleazar, with these miseries? 15 We will bring you some meat cooked by yourself, and you can save yourself by pretending that you have eaten swine’s flesh.” 16 Eleazar, as though the advice more painfully tortured him, cried out, 17 “Let us who are children of Abraham not be so evil advised as to give way and make use of an unbecoming pretense.
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Notes and References
“... The author, following the material in 2 Macc 6:12–23, provides Eleazar with a brief respite from his sufferings to allow another group of people to suggest a way out from the impasse in which Antiochus and Eleazar find themselves. He need not destroy himself “irrationally” (ἀλoγίστως, 6:14), for they have a way to satisfy all parties, so they think. [...] The exact nature of the ruse here is open to some debate. 2 Macc 6:21–22 is quite specific: Eleazar is invited to fetch some meat that he could eat lawfully (preparing it himself would guarantee to his own conscience at least that there was nothing defiling about it) there in the presence of the king and the onlookers, pretending that it was in fact the sacrificial pork. Here it is possible that the courtiers are offering some other cooked meat beside the pork, but the articles introducing ἡψημέvωv βρωμάτωv and ὑείωv suggest that this meat is the previously identified objectionable food, i.e., the pork. But, they suggest, Eleazar could go through the motions of putting it in his mouth, chewing it, and swallowing it, much as parents will do with baby food. Thus he would indeed “pretend to eat” the pork, not pretend that the meat he was eating was pork. ...”
DeSilva, David A.
4 Maccabees: Introduction and Commentary on the Greek Text in Codex Sinaiticus
(p. 144) Brill, 2006
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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