Texts in Conversation
1 Peter says Jesus preached to the spirits in prison who disobeyed in Noah’s day. The Apocalypse of Peter draws on the same Watchers tradition, with Uriel leading up the souls of sinners who perished in the flood for judgment.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE
1 Peter 3:19
New Testament
18 Because Christ also suffered once for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring you to God, by being put to death in the flesh but by being made alive in the spirit. 19 In it he went and preached to the spirits in prison, 20 after they were disobedient long ago when God patiently waited in the days of Noah as an ark was being constructed. In the ark a few, that is eight souls, were delivered through water.
Apocalypse of Peter 1:22
Revelation of Peter
Early Christian
21 Then he will command them to enter into the river of fire, while the works of every one of them stand before them, repaying each according to his deeds. As for the elect who have done good, they will come to me and not see death by the devouring fire. But the unrighteous, the sinners, and the hypocrites will stand in the depths of darkness that will not pass away, and their punishment is the fire. Angels bring forward their sins and prepare for them a place where they will be punished forever, each according to his transgression. 22 Uriel, the angel of God, will bring forth the souls of those sinners who perished in the flood, and of all who dwelt in idols, in every molten image, in every object of devotion, and in pictures, and of those who dwelt on all hills and in stones and by the wayside, whom people called gods. They will burn them together in everlasting fire; and after all of them with their dwelling places are destroyed, they will be punished eternally. 23 Here begins the description of torments, which we have in another text in the Akhmim fragment.
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Notes and References
“... Comparable to the setting in the Enochic narrative in the Book of the Watchers (see 1 Enoch 10:1-3), the Petrine author links the captive spirits to the time of the flood (1 Peter 3:20). Jesus’ encounter with the imprisoned beings in 1 Peter 3:19-20 is likened to Enoch’s viewing of places of punishment and intercession for the rebellious watchers. Nickelsburg extends the inventory of comparisons by identifying close verbal parallels that suggest to him that 1 Enoch 108 was known to a Petrine author. Let us take up briefly the points he makes. 1 Enoch 108 and 1 Peter encourage faithfulness in the midst of suffering with the promise of eventual compensation, and both employ similar expressions to communicate about these themes; we should note that 1 Enoch 108 is extant only in Ge’ez which Nickelsburg typically paraphrases for the sake of the list. References to ‘seed’ (or ‘offspring’) ‘that will perish forever’ (1 Enoch 108:3) and ‘perishable seed’ (1 Peter 1:23), to spirits slaughtered and kept in a desolate, burning place (1 Enoch 108:3-6) and ‘imprisoned spirits’ (1 Peter 3:19-20) ...”
Bautch, Kelley Coblentz
"Peter and the Patriarch: A Confluence of Traditions?" in Arbel, Daphna V. and Andrei A. Orlov (eds.) With Letters of Light: Studies in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Early Jewish Apocalypticism, Magic, and Mysticism
(pp. 13-27) De Gruyter, 2011
* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.
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