Texts in Conversation

The Gospel of Philip and 1 Corinthians compare teaching to food suited to its recipients. Paul's infants can grow into adults; Philip's animals, slaves, and children make the boundaries between kinds of people harder to cross, even with instruction.
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2500 BCE
1000+ CE

1 Corinthians 3:2

New Testament
1 So, brothers and sisters, I could not speak to you as spiritual people, but instead as people of the flesh, as infants in Christ. 2 I fed you milk, not solid food, for you were not yet ready. In fact, you are still not ready, 3 for you are still influenced by the flesh. For since there is still jealousy and dissension among you, are you not influenced by the flesh and behaving like unregenerate people? 4 For whenever someone says, “I am with Paul,” or “I am with Apollos,” are you not merely human? 5 What is Apollos, really? Or what is Paul? Servants through whom you came to believe, and each of us in the ministry the Lord gave us. 6 I planted, Apollos watered, but God caused it to grow.
Date: 55-57 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)

Gospel of Philip 11:58

Nag Hammadi
This is the way of the disciple of God. If he be wise, he will know what being a disciple is. The forms of the body will not fool him, but he will assess the condition of each individual soul, and will speak with him. Many animals in the world are in the form of humans. If he recognizes them, he will throw acorns to the pigs, but he will pitch barley, and chaff, and hay to the cattle. He will throw bones to the dogs. To the slaves he will give what is preliminary, and to the children he will give what is perfect.
Date: 180-250 C.E. (based on scholarly estimates)
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Notes and References

#7125
“... Just like the parable from the Gospel of Philip and the imagery from Philo, this simile from Corinthians makes a distinction between different kinds of food that are suitable for different kinds of people: milk for “people of the flesh,” who are “infants in Christ,” and solid food for “spiritual people” (cf. 1 Corinthians 2:15).1434 [...] My second observation pertains to the choice of imagery. The imagery chosen in 1 Corinthians (and Philo) is rather positive. The choice for different life stages and for different levels of education inherently suggest the impression of progress. One cannot become a baby again if one is an adult; nor does one (normally) return to drinking only milk if one is already accustomed to solid food. Hence, Paul uses the baby-adult metaphor to exhort those who are already part of the Corinthian church not to give in; he does not use the imagery to cut them off from the community. The situation in the Gospel of Philip is, however, completely different. First of all, it is clear that it is impossible for animals to become either slaves or children; similarly, a transition from food for animals to food for humans is hardly imaginable. This demonstrates the fixed position of material people: they are beyond saving. ...”
Stoutjesdijk, Martijn Not Like the Rest of the Slaves? (pp. 236-237) Tilburg University, 2021

* The use of references are not endorsements of their contents. Please read the entirety of the provided reference(s) to understand the author's full intentions regarding the use of these texts.

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