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Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Beware to the filthy, stained city; the city filled with oppressors! 2 She is disobedient; she has refused correction. She does not trust the Lord; she has not sought the advice of her God. 3 Her princes are as fierce as roaring lions; her rulers are as hungry as wolves in the desert,⁠ who completely devour their prey by morning. 4 Her prophets are proud; they are deceitful men. Her priests have defiled what is holy; they have broken God’s laws.⁠ 5 The just Lord resides within her; he commits no unjust acts. Every morning he reveals his justice.⁠ At dawn he appears without fail. Yet the unjust know no shame. 6 “I destroyed nations; their walled cities are in ruins. I turned their streets into ruins; no one passes through them. Their cities are desolate; no one lives there. 7 I thought, ‘Certainly you will respect me! Now you will accept correction!’ If she had done so, her home would not be destroyed⁠ by all the punishments I have threatened. But they eagerly sinned in everything they did. 8 Therefore you must wait patiently for me,” says the Lord, “for the day when I attack and take plunder.⁠ I have decided to gather nations together and assemble kingdoms, so I can pour out my fury on them—all my raging anger. For the whole earth will be consumed by my fiery anger. 9 Know for sure that I will then restore to the nations a pure speech.32⁠ All of them will invoke the Lord’s name when they pray and will worship him in unison. 10 From beyond the rivers of Ethiopia, those who pray to me, my dispersed people, will bring me tribute. 11 In that day you will not be ashamed of all your rebelliousness against me, for then I will remove from your midst those who proudly boast, and you will never again be arrogant on my holy hill. 12 I will leave in your midst a humble and meek group of people, and they will find safety in the Lord’s presence. 13 The Israelites who remain will not act deceitfully. They will not lie, and a deceitful tongue will not be found in their mouths. Indeed, they will graze peacefully like sheep and lie down; no one will terrify them.” 14 Shout for joy, Daughter Zion! Shout out, Israel! Be happy and boast with all your heart, Daughter Jerusalem!⁠ 15 The Lord has removed the judgment against you; he has turned back your enemy. Israel’s king, the Lord, is in your midst! You no longer need to fear disaster. 16 On that day they will say to Jerusalem, “Don’t be afraid, Zion! Your hands must not be paralyzed from panic! 17 The Lord your God is in your midst; he is a warrior who can deliver. He takes great delight in you; he renews you by his love; he shouts for joy over you.”⁠ 18 “As for those who grieve because they cannot attend the festivals—I⁠ took them away from you; they became tribute and were a source of shame to you. 19 Look, at that time I will deal with those who mistreated you. I will rescue the lame sheep and gather together the scattered sheep. I will take away their humiliation and make the whole earth admire and respect them. 20 At that time I will lead you—at the time I gather you together. Be sure of this! I will make all the nations of the earth respect and admire you when you see me restore you,”⁠ says the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 22:26 and Zephaniah 3:4

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Zephaniah accuses the priests of defiling what is holy, describing how they corrupted the things they were meant to protect. Ezekiel builds on this criticism by saying they failed in their primary task to distinguish between the holy and the ordinary.

Passages

Ezekiel 22:26

Hebrew Bible
24 “Son of man, say to her: ‘You are a land that receives no rain or showers in the day of my anger.’ 25 Her princes within her are like a roaring lion tearing its prey; they have devoured lives. They take away riches and valuable things; they have made many women widows within it. 26 Her priests abuse my law and have desecrated my holy things. They do not distinguish between the holy and the profane or recognize any distinction between the unclean and the clean. They ignore my Sabbaths, and I am profaned in their midst. 27 Her officials are like wolves in her midst rending their prey—shedding blood and destroying lives—so they can get dishonest profit. 28 Her prophets coat their messages with whitewash. They see false visions and announce lying omens for them, saying, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says,’ when the Lord has not spoken.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Zephaniah 3:4

Hebrew Bible
2 She is disobedient; she has refused correction. She does not trust the Lord; she has not sought the advice of her God. 3 Her princes are as fierce as roaring lions; her rulers are as hungry as wolves in the desert, who completely devour their prey by morning. 4 Her prophets are proud; they are deceitful men. Her priests have defiled what is holy; they have broken God’s laws. 5 The just Lord resides within her; he commits no unjust acts. Every morning he reveals his justice. At dawn he appears without fail. Yet the unjust know no shame. 6 “I destroyed nations; their walled cities are in ruins. I turned their streets into ruins; no one passes through them. Their cities are desolate; no one lives there.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

References

"... mantological exegesis is confined to exegesis of “material which is ominous or oracular in scope and content”. Mantological exegesis is divided into exegesis of visual and auditory phenomena. For the former, the exegesis is limited to the interpreter’s explanation of the visual material, such as is the case with Joseph’s dreams in Genesis 37:1-11. The traditio, or interpretation, occurs in the same text as the traditum and is not exegetically taken up again. The exegesis of auditory phenomena is similar to legal and haggadic exegesis in that later prophets will reinterpret the traditum when they think that it has for some reason or other failed or needs further explanation or expansion. Auditory mantological exegesis can be “non-transformative” exegesis, such as the “homiletical elaboration” of Zephaniah 3:3-4 by Ezekiel 22:25-28. It can also be “transformative”, as when a later text interprets a previous text with “additions, specifications, or adaptations”, such as the reappropriation of 2 Samuel 7:4-17 and 1 Chronicles 17:3-15 by the author of Psalm 89. As with haggadic exegesis, determining the relationship between texts requires that attention be paid to the repetition of linguistic and thematic elements and their reappropriation in a different context or to a different situation ..."
Russell L. Meek, “Intertextuality, Inner-Biblical Exegesis, and Inner-Biblical Allusion: The Ethics of a Methodology,” Bib 95.2 (2014): 280–291.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 22:26 and Zephaniah 3:4

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