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Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 3

1 Beware to the filthy, stained city; the city filled with oppressors! 2 She is disobedient; she has refused correction. She does not trust the Lord; she has not sought the advice of her God. 3 Her princes are as fierce as roaring lions; her rulers are as hungry as wolves in the desert,⁠ who completely devour their prey by morning. 4 Her prophets are proud; they are deceitful men. Her priests have defiled what is holy; they have broken God’s laws.⁠ 5 The just Lord resides within her; he commits no unjust acts. Every morning he reveals his justice.⁠ At dawn he appears without fail. Yet the unjust know no shame. 6 “I destroyed nations; their walled cities are in ruins. I turned their streets into ruins; no one passes through them. Their cities are desolate; no one lives there. 7 I thought, ‘Certainly you will respect me! Now you will accept correction!’ If she had done so, her home would not be destroyed⁠ by all the punishments I have threatened. But they eagerly sinned in everything they did. 8 Therefore you must wait patiently for me,” says the Lord, “for the day when I attack and take plunder.⁠ I have decided to gather nations together and assemble kingdoms, so I can pour out my fury on them—all my raging anger. For the whole earth will be consumed by my fiery anger. 9 Know for sure that I will then restore to the nations a pure speech.32⁠ All of them will invoke the Lord’s name when they pray and will worship him in unison. 10 From beyond the rivers of Ethiopia, those who pray to me, my dispersed people, will bring me tribute. 11 In that day you will not be ashamed of all your rebelliousness against me, for then I will remove from your midst those who proudly boast, and you will never again be arrogant on my holy hill. 12 I will leave in your midst a humble and meek group of people, and they will find safety in the Lord’s presence. 13 The Israelites who remain will not act deceitfully. They will not lie, and a deceitful tongue will not be found in their mouths. Indeed, they will graze peacefully like sheep and lie down; no one will terrify them.” 14 Shout for joy, Daughter Zion! Shout out, Israel! Be happy and boast with all your heart, Daughter Jerusalem!⁠ 15 The Lord has removed the judgment against you; he has turned back your enemy. Israel’s king, the Lord, is in your midst! You no longer need to fear disaster. 16 On that day they will say to Jerusalem, “Don’t be afraid, Zion! Your hands must not be paralyzed from panic! 17 The Lord your God is in your midst; he is a warrior who can deliver. He takes great delight in you; he renews you by his love; he shouts for joy over you.”⁠ 18 “As for those who grieve because they cannot attend the festivals—I⁠ took them away from you; they became tribute and were a source of shame to you. 19 Look, at that time I will deal with those who mistreated you. I will rescue the lame sheep and gather together the scattered sheep. I will take away their humiliation and make the whole earth admire and respect them. 20 At that time I will lead you—at the time I gather you together. Be sure of this! I will make all the nations of the earth respect and admire you when you see me restore you,”⁠ says the Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Zephaniah 3:14 and Zechariah 9:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Zechariah and Zephaniah use similar language in their calls for Daughter Zion to rejoice, highlighting a connection between the texts and their visions of the future. Both celebrate the end of judgment and the arrival of a restored king in Jerusalem.

Passages

Zephaniah 3:14

Hebrew Bible
13 The Israelites who remain will not act deceitfully. They will not lie, and a deceitful tongue will not be found in their mouths. Indeed, they will graze peacefully like sheep and lie down; no one will terrify them.” 14 Shout for joy, Daughter Zion! Shout out, Israel! Be happy and boast with all your heart, Daughter Jerusalem! 15 The Lord has removed the judgment against you; he has turned back your enemy. Israel’s king, the Lord, is in your midst! You no longer need to fear disaster.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

Zechariah 9:9

Hebrew Bible
8 Then I will surround my temple to protect it like a guard from anyone crossing back and forth; so no one will cross over against them anymore as an oppressor, for now I myself have seen it. 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! Look! Your king is coming to you: He is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey. 10 I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Another passage, also strikingly similar in terms to Zechariah 9.9, is Zephaniah 3.14, with its similar call to rejoicing: It is difficult to date too confidently the Zephaniah passage. Almost unanimously commentators have assigned it to a time later than that of Zephaniah himself, indeed, to some point after the exile. Reasons adduced are that the exile is presupposed, the spirit is as different from the first chapters as Isaiah 40-55 are from those of Isaiah of Jerusalem, and that they suggest that the time of judgment and trial is now in the past ..."
Rex Mason, “The Use of Earlier Biblical Material in Zechariah 9–14: A Study in Inner Biblical Exegesis,” in Bringing Out the Treasure: Inner Biblical Allusion in Zechariah 9–14, ed. Mark J. Boda and Michael H. Floyd, JSOTSup 370 (London: Sheffield Academic, 2003), 31.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zephaniah 3:14 and Zechariah 9:9

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