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About this book

Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah during the time of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah: 2 “I will sweep away everything from the face of the earth2,”⁠ says the Lord. 3 “I will destroy people and animals; I will destroy the birds in the sky and the fish in the sea.⁠ (The idolatrous images of these creatures will be destroyed along with evil people.) I will remove humanity from the face of the earth,” says the Lord. 4 “I will attack Judah and all who live in Jerusalem. I will remove from this place every trace of Baal worship, as well as the very memory of the pagan priests. 5 I will remove those who worship the stars in the sky from their rooftops,⁠ those who swear allegiance to the Lord while taking oaths in the name of their ‘king,’ 6 and those who turn their backs on the Lord and do not want the Lord’s help or guidance.” 7 Be silent before the Sovereign Lord, for the Lord’s day of judgment is almost here.⁠ The Lord has prepared a sacrificial meal;⁠ he has ritually purified his guests. 8 “On the day of the Lord’s sacrificial meal, I will punish the princes and the king’s sons, and all who wear foreign styles of clothing. 9 On that day I will punish all who leap over the threshold,⁠ who fill the house of their master with wealth taken by violence and deceit. 10 On that day,” says the Lord, “a loud cry will go up from the Fish Gate, wailing from the city’s newer district, and a loud crash from the hills. 11 Wail, you who live in the market district, for all the merchants will disappear and those who count money will be removed. 12 At that time I will search through Jerusalem with lamps.⁠ I will punish the people who are entrenched in their sin, those who think to themselves, ‘The Lord neither rewards nor punishes.’ 13 Their wealth will be stolen and their houses ruined! They will not live in the houses they have built, nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted.⁠ 14 The Lord’s great day of judgment is almost here; it is approaching very rapidly!⁠ There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment; at that time warriors will cry out in battle. 15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, a day of distress and hardship, a day of devastation and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and dark skies,⁠ 16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord.⁠ Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.⁠ 18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.⁠ The whole earth will be consumed by his fiery wrath. Indeed, he will bring terrifying destruction on all who live on the earth.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare 1 Samuel 5:5 and Zephaniah 1:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Zephaniah condemns those who cross thresholds, a phrase that may refer to 1 Samuel 5 where Dagon’s priests avoided the temple threshold after the idol fell. That story may show how the idiom began, and Zephaniah uses it to criticize ritual practice.

Passages

1 Samuel 5:5

Hebrew Bible
3 When the residents of Ashdod got up early the next day, Dagon was lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. So they took Dagon and set him back in his place. 4 But when they got up early the following day, Dagon was again lying on the ground before the ark of the Lord. The head of Dagon and his two hands were sheared off and were lying at the threshold. Only Dagon’s body was left intact. 5 (For this reason, to this very day, neither Dagon’s priests nor anyone else who enters Dagon’s temple steps on Dagon’s threshold in Ashdod.) 6 The Lord attacked the residents of Ashdod severely, bringing devastation on them. He struck the people of both Ashdod and the surrounding area with sores. 7 When the people of Ashdod saw what was happening, they said, “The ark of the God of Israel should not remain with us, for he has attacked both us and our god Dagon!”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Samuel

Zephaniah 1:9

Hebrew Bible
7 Be silent before the Sovereign Lord, for the Lord’s day of judgment is almost here. The Lord has prepared a sacrificial meal; he has ritually purified his guests. 8 “On the day of the Lord’s sacrificial meal, I will punish the princes and the king’s sons, and all who wear foreign styles of clothing. 9 On that day I will punish all who leap over the threshold, who fill the house of their master with wealth taken by violence and deceit. 10 On that day,” says the Lord, “a loud cry will go up from the Fish Gate, wailing from the city’s newer district, and a loud crash from the hills. 11 Wail, you who live in the market district, for all the merchants will disappear and those who count money will be removed.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

References

"... The first reference to a cherub in the book of Ezekiel occurs in the middle of the prophet’s vision of Yahweh abandoning his temple (Ezekiel 8:1–11:25) in Ezekiel 9:3 ... The verse can be translated provisionally as follows: “And the glory of the god of Israel went up from upon the cherub, upon which it had been, to the miphtan of the house.” (This is usually translated “threshold”. Zimmerli has highlighted the use of the noun in 1 Samuel 5:4. In this passage, the head and hands of the Philistine god, Dagon, are found near the miphtan. This has caused Zimmerli to argue that the miphtan must refer to an entrance in the inner part of the temple and postulates that the term refers to the podium for the image of the deity. However, the taboo of treading on the miphtan of Dagon in 1 Samuel 5:5 - also see Zephaniah 1:9–10 - does indicate that it was close to the ground. There is a possible parallel between the miphtan and the gate of Dagon in Zephaniah 1:9–10, which does suggest that it was the threshold to the sanctuary. The term has been left transliterated) ..."
Alice Wood, Of Wings and Wheels: A Synthetic Study of the Biblical Cherubim (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2008), 95.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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1 Samuel 5:5 and Zephaniah 1:9

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