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Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah during the time of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah: 2 “I will sweep away everything from the face of the earth2,”⁠ says the Lord. 3 “I will destroy people and animals; I will destroy the birds in the sky and the fish in the sea.⁠ (The idolatrous images of these creatures will be destroyed along with evil people.) I will remove humanity from the face of the earth,” says the Lord. 4 “I will attack Judah and all who live in Jerusalem. I will remove from this place every trace of Baal worship, as well as the very memory of the pagan priests. 5 I will remove those who worship the stars in the sky from their rooftops,⁠ those who swear allegiance to the Lord while taking oaths in the name of their ‘king,’ 6 and those who turn their backs on the Lord and do not want the Lord’s help or guidance.” 7 Be silent before the Sovereign Lord, for the Lord’s day of judgment is almost here.⁠ The Lord has prepared a sacrificial meal;⁠ he has ritually purified his guests. 8 “On the day of the Lord’s sacrificial meal, I will punish the princes and the king’s sons, and all who wear foreign styles of clothing. 9 On that day I will punish all who leap over the threshold,⁠ who fill the house of their master with wealth taken by violence and deceit. 10 On that day,” says the Lord, “a loud cry will go up from the Fish Gate, wailing from the city’s newer district, and a loud crash from the hills. 11 Wail, you who live in the market district, for all the merchants will disappear and those who count money will be removed. 12 At that time I will search through Jerusalem with lamps.⁠ I will punish the people who are entrenched in their sin, those who think to themselves, ‘The Lord neither rewards nor punishes.’ 13 Their wealth will be stolen and their houses ruined! They will not live in the houses they have built, nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted.⁠ 14 The Lord’s great day of judgment is almost here; it is approaching very rapidly!⁠ There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment; at that time warriors will cry out in battle. 15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, a day of distress and hardship, a day of devastation and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and dark skies,⁠ 16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord.⁠ Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.⁠ 18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.⁠ The whole earth will be consumed by his fiery wrath. Indeed, he will bring terrifying destruction on all who live on the earth.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Zephaniah 1:2 and Jeremiah 8:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Zephaniah and Jeremiah share a wordplay on similar Hebrew roots, connecting the imagery of gathering a harvest with sweeping everything away. Both use this ambiguity to announce total destruction, blending agricultural language with divine judgment.

Passages

Zephaniah 1:2

Hebrew Bible
1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah during the time of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah: 2 “I will sweep away everything from the face of the earth2,” says the Lord. 3 “I will destroy people and animals; I will destroy the birds in the sky and the fish in the sea. (The idolatrous images of these creatures will be destroyed along with evil people.) I will remove humanity from the face of the earth,” says the Lord. 4 “I will attack Judah and all who live in Jerusalem. I will remove from this place every trace of Baal worship, as well as the very memory of the pagan priests.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

Jeremiah 8:13

Hebrew Bible
11 They offer only superficial help for the hurt my dear people have suffered. They say, “Everything will be all right!” But everything is not all right. 12 Are they ashamed because they have done such disgusting things? No, they are not at all ashamed! They do not even know how to blush. So they will die just like others have died. They will be brought to ruin when I punish them, says the Lord. 13 I will sweep away their harvests31, says the Lord. There will be no grapes on their vines. There will be no figs on their fig trees. Even the leaves on their trees will wither. The crops that I gave them will be taken away.’” 14 The people say, “Why are we just sitting here? Let us gather together inside the fortified cities. Let us at least die there fighting, since the Lord our God has condemned us to die. He has condemned us to drink the poison waters of judgment because we have sinned against him. 15 We hoped for good fortune, but nothing good has come of it. We hoped for a time of relief, but instead we experience terror.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

References

"... We turn now to a fourth ambiguous infinitive absolute, in Zephaniah 1:2. It is very similar to that found in Jeremiah 8:13. Here, Zephaniah opens his prophecy with the words: 'I will make an end to everything from the face of the earth' ... Zephaniah, like Isaiah and Jeremiah, employed the two roots side by side in order to prophesy with a polysemous punch. The context and imagery of Zephaniah's speech support this. The meaning 'sweep away' for the expression is bolstered by the twice repeated use of the root in verse 3 ... The reader, who accepts the meaning 'sweep away,' finds reassurance soon afterwards when God pronounces His doom: 'And I will cut off mankind from the face of the earth.' The similarity in phraseology serves to reinforce the connection to 1:2. Note how the predicate 'mankind from the face of the earth' appears in both the opening line and the end of verse 3 and acts as a kind of inclusion ..."
Scott B. Noegel, “A Slip of the Reader and Not the Reed: (Infinitive Absolutes with Divergent Finite Forms),” JBQ 26.2 (1998): 93–100.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zephaniah 1:2 and Jeremiah 8:13

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