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Zephaniah

About this book
Chapter 1

1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah during the time of Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah: 2 “I will sweep away everything from the face of the earth2,”⁠ says the Lord. 3 “I will destroy people and animals; I will destroy the birds in the sky and the fish in the sea.⁠ (The idolatrous images of these creatures will be destroyed along with evil people.) I will remove humanity from the face of the earth,” says the Lord. 4 “I will attack Judah and all who live in Jerusalem. I will remove from this place every trace of Baal worship, as well as the very memory of the pagan priests. 5 I will remove those who worship the stars in the sky from their rooftops,⁠ those who swear allegiance to the Lord while taking oaths in the name of their ‘king,’ 6 and those who turn their backs on the Lord and do not want the Lord’s help or guidance.” 7 Be silent before the Sovereign Lord, for the Lord’s day of judgment is almost here.⁠ The Lord has prepared a sacrificial meal;⁠ he has ritually purified his guests. 8 “On the day of the Lord’s sacrificial meal, I will punish the princes and the king’s sons, and all who wear foreign styles of clothing. 9 On that day I will punish all who leap over the threshold,⁠ who fill the house of their master with wealth taken by violence and deceit. 10 On that day,” says the Lord, “a loud cry will go up from the Fish Gate, wailing from the city’s newer district, and a loud crash from the hills. 11 Wail, you who live in the market district, for all the merchants will disappear and those who count money will be removed. 12 At that time I will search through Jerusalem with lamps.⁠ I will punish the people who are entrenched in their sin, those who think to themselves, ‘The Lord neither rewards nor punishes.’ 13 Their wealth will be stolen and their houses ruined! They will not live in the houses they have built, nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted.⁠ 14 The Lord’s great day of judgment is almost here; it is approaching very rapidly!⁠ There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment; at that time warriors will cry out in battle. 15 That day will be a day of God’s anger, a day of distress and hardship, a day of devastation and ruin, a day of darkness and gloom, a day of clouds and dark skies,⁠ 16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord.⁠ Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure.⁠ 18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.⁠ The whole earth will be consumed by his fiery wrath. Indeed, he will bring terrifying destruction on all who live on the earth.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Zephaniah 1:18 and 1 Enoch 52:7

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

Zephaniah warns that silver and gold cannot save in the day of judgment and 1 Enoch echoes this, that wealth offers no protection from judgment. Both reflect a common criticism of wealth, portraying material possessions as ultimately useless.

Passages

Zephaniah 1:18

Hebrew Bible
16 a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers. 17 I will bring distress on the people and they will stumble like blind men, for they have sinned against the Lord. Their blood will be poured out like dirt; their flesh will be scattered like manure. 18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment. The whole earth will be consumed by his fiery wrath. Indeed, he will bring terrifying destruction on all who live on the earth.”
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zephaniah

1 Enoch 52:7

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
6 The mountains you saw—the iron, copper, silver, gold, soft metal, and lead—will be in the presence of the Elect One as wax before the fire, and like water streaming down, becoming powerless before his feet. 7 In those days, no one can be saved by gold or silver, and none will have the means to escape. 8 There will be no iron for war, nor will anyone wear a breastplate. Bronze will be useless, and tin and lead will no longer be valued. 9 All these materials will be removed from the earth's surface when the Elect One stands before the Lord of Spirits.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... There are many straightforward parallels between Pirkei de Rabbi Eliezar and Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha that are also firmly based in scripture. The points that all three share must derive then from the one that not only is the oldest, but the one from which the other two self-consciously draw. Therefore it must be assumed that PRE derived such material from its understanding of Scripture, rather than from a knowledge of apocryphal and pseudepigraphical literature ... Gold and silver will not save you: Pirkei de Rabbi Eliezar 34; 1 Enoch 52:7; Zephaniah 1:18 ... Of these parallels identified by Friedlander to apocryphal and pseudepigraphical literature, but which are really biblical "parallels" or references, there is a particularly interesting subset. These are passages within PRE that are not PRE at all, but rather quotations from the Bible ..."
Anna Urowitz-Freudenstein, “Pseudepigraphic Support of Pseudepigraphical Sources: The Case of Pirqe de Rabbi Eliezer,” in Tracing the Threads: Studies in the Vitality of Jewish Pseudepigrapha, ed. John C. Reeves, EJL 6 (Atlanta: Scholars, 1994), 35–54.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zephaniah 1:18 and 1 Enoch 52:7

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