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About this book

Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 9

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message concerning the land of Hadrach, with its focus on Damascus: The eyes of all humanity, especially of the tribes of Israel, are toward the Lord, 2 as are those of Hamath also, which adjoins Damascus, Tyre, and Sidon, though they consider themselves to be very wise. 3 Tyre built herself a fortification and piled up silver like dust and gold like the mud of the streets.⁠ 4 Nevertheless the Lord will evict her and shove her fortifications into the sea—she⁠ will be consumed by fire. 5 Ashkelon will see and be afraid; Gaza will be in great anguish, as will Ekron, for her hope will have been dried up. Gaza will lose her king, and Ashkelon will no longer be inhabited. 6 A mongrel people will live in Ashdod, for I will greatly humiliate the Philistines.⁠ 7 I will take away their blood from their mouth and their abominations from between their teeth;9⁠ then those who survive will become a community of believers in our God, like a clan in Judah, and Ekron will be like the Jebusites. 8 Then I will surround my temple to protect it like a guard⁠ from anyone crossing back and forth; so no one will cross over against them anymore as an oppressor, for now I myself have seen it. 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem!⁠ Look! Your king is coming to you: He is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey.⁠ 10 I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth.⁠ 11 Moreover, as for you, because of our covenant relationship secured with blood, I will release your prisoners from the waterless pit.⁠ 12 Return to the stronghold, you prisoners, with hope; today I declare that I will return double what was taken from you. 13 I will bend Judah as my bow; I will load the bow with Ephraim, my arrow. I will stir up your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and I will make you, Zion, like a warrior’s sword. 14 Then the Lord will appear above them,⁠ and his arrow will shoot forth like lightning;⁠ the Sovereign Lord will blow the trumpet and will proceed in the southern storm winds.⁠ 15 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will guard them, and they will prevail and overcome with sling stones. Then they will drink and will become noisy like drunkards, full like the sacrificial basin or like the corners of the altar. 16 On that day the Lord their God will deliver them as the flock of his people, for they are the precious stones of a crown sparkling over his land. 17 How precious and fair! Grain will make the young men flourish, and new wine the young women.

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 5:4 and Zechariah 9:14

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Judges describes God marching from Seir and Edom with an earth-shaking storm. Zechariah says God will appear from the storms of Teman with arrow-like lightning, following the same ancient Near Eastern tradition of an embodied deity.

Passages

Judges 5:4

Hebrew Bible
3 Hear, O kings! Pay attention, O rulers! I will sing to the Lord! I will sing to the Lord God of Israel! 4 “O Lord, when you departed from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains, the earth shook, the heavens poured down, the clouds poured down rain. 5 The mountains trembled before the Lord, the God of Sinai; before the Lord God of Israel. 6 “In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

Zechariah 9:14

Hebrew Bible
13 I will bend Judah as my bow; I will load the bow with Ephraim, my arrow. I will stir up your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and I will make you, Zion, like a warrior’s sword. 14 Then the Lord will appear above them, and his arrow will shoot forth like lightning; the Sovereign Lord will blow the trumpet and will proceed in the southern storm winds. 15 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will guard them, and they will prevail and overcome with sling stones. Then they will drink and will become noisy like drunkards, full like the sacrificial basin or like the corners of the altar.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

“... Deuteronomy 33 may have added Sinai from other biblical texts, localizing the tradition. It shows a tradition that has been elaborated. Zechariah 9 seems to be generalizing, and its changing the motif to future tense causes it to lose much of its folkloric quality; both are signs of the theme developing. Habakkuk 3 seems to have lost members, as does Psalm 68, which has borrowed incorrectly from Judges 5. Edom in Judges 5 is unlikely to have been added, given the Hebrew Bible’s general abhorrence of Edom; by the 8th century, Edom was the archetypical villain, second only to Babylon in excoriation. We might, therefore, consider the element Edom as lost in the other variants. On the other hand, Edom is a familiar term in the Hebrew Bible; Paran, Seir, and Teman are not. Replacing rare words is a typical movement in the development of folklore. Since Paran, Seir, and Teman occur in multiple variants while Edom, Sinai, and the desert do not, the more vague references to the south are probably primary. ...”
Robert D. Miller II, Yahweh: Origin of a Desert God (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2021), 57–58.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judges 5:4 and Zechariah 9:14

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