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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 9

1 This is an oracle, the Lord’s message concerning the land of Hadrach, with its focus on Damascus: The eyes of all humanity, especially of the tribes of Israel, are toward the Lord, 2 as are those of Hamath also, which adjoins Damascus, Tyre, and Sidon, though they consider themselves to be very wise. 3 Tyre built herself a fortification and piled up silver like dust and gold like the mud of the streets.⁠ 4 Nevertheless the Lord will evict her and shove her fortifications into the sea—she⁠ will be consumed by fire. 5 Ashkelon will see and be afraid; Gaza will be in great anguish, as will Ekron, for her hope will have been dried up. Gaza will lose her king, and Ashkelon will no longer be inhabited. 6 A mongrel people will live in Ashdod, for I will greatly humiliate the Philistines.⁠ 7 I will take away their blood from their mouth and their abominations from between their teeth;9⁠ then those who survive will become a community of believers in our God, like a clan in Judah, and Ekron will be like the Jebusites. 8 Then I will surround my temple to protect it like a guard⁠ from anyone crossing back and forth; so no one will cross over against them anymore as an oppressor, for now I myself have seen it. 9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem!⁠ Look! Your king is coming to you: He is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey.⁠ 10 I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth.⁠ 11 Moreover, as for you, because of our covenant relationship secured with blood, I will release your prisoners from the waterless pit.⁠ 12 Return to the stronghold, you prisoners, with hope; today I declare that I will return double what was taken from you. 13 I will bend Judah as my bow; I will load the bow with Ephraim, my arrow. I will stir up your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and I will make you, Zion, like a warrior’s sword. 14 Then the Lord will appear above them,⁠ and his arrow will shoot forth like lightning;⁠ the Sovereign Lord will blow the trumpet and will proceed in the southern storm winds.⁠ 15 The Lord of Heaven’s Armies will guard them, and they will prevail and overcome with sling stones. Then they will drink and will become noisy like drunkards, full like the sacrificial basin or like the corners of the altar. 16 On that day the Lord their God will deliver them as the flock of his people, for they are the precious stones of a crown sparkling over his land. 17 How precious and fair! Grain will make the young men flourish, and new wine the young women.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 24:8 and Zechariah 9:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus 24 describes the covenant at Sinai sealed with blood sprinkled on the altar and the people, describing their agreement with God. Zechariah uses this same language when speaking of prisoners released because of the blood of the covenant.

Passages

Exodus 24:8

Hebrew Bible
6 Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and half of the blood he splashed on the altar. 7 He took the Book of the Covenant and read it aloud to the people, and they said, “We are willing to do and obey all that the Lord has spoken.” 8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.” 9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up, 10 and they saw the God of Israel. Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Zechariah 9:11

Hebrew Bible
9 Rejoice greatly, daughter of Zion! Shout, daughter of Jerusalem! Look! Your king is coming to you: He is legitimate and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey—on a young donkey, the foal of a female donkey. 10 I will remove the chariot from Ephraim and the warhorse from Jerusalem, and the battle bow will be removed. Then he will announce peace to the nations. His dominion will be from sea to sea and from the Euphrates River to the ends of the earth. 11 Moreover, as for you, because of our covenant relationship secured with blood, I will release your prisoners from the waterless pit. 12 Return to the stronghold, you prisoners, with hope; today I declare that I will return double what was taken from you. 13 I will bend Judah as my bow; I will load the bow with Ephraim, my arrow. I will stir up your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece, and I will make you, Zion, like a warrior’s sword.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... the phrase occurs elsewhere in the Hebrew Bible only in Exodus 24:8. In view of this exclusive verbal parallel, we argue that the Zecharian text alludes to the covenant-making instance in the Sinai tradition with it as an intertextual pointer. Based on this, we register Exodus 24:8 as an intertext of Zechariah 9:11a. The Sinai narrative (Exodus 19-24) in its final form is a well-crafted unity, with the closing chapter echoing the opening one. Exodus 24 recounts the sealing of the covenant between the deity and the Israelites, an event which has been set in motion in chapter 19 ..."
Suk Yee Lee, “The Earlier Restoration Expectations of Second Zechariah: An Intertextual Analysis of Zechariah 9–10” (PhD diss., McMaster Divinity College, 2012), 202.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 24:8 and Zechariah 9:11

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