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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 7

1 In King Darius’ fourth year, on the fourth day of Kislev, the ninth month, the Lord’s message came to Zechariah. 2 Now the people of Bethel had sent Sharezer and Regem-Melech and their companions to seek the Lord’s favor 3 by asking both the priests of the temple of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies and the prophets, “Should we weep in the fifth month, fasting as we have done over the years?” 4 The message of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies then came to me, 5 “Speak to all the people and priests of the land as follows: ‘When you fasted and lamented in the fifth and seventh months through all these 70 years, did you truly fast for me—for me, indeed?⁠ 6 And now when you eat and drink, are you not doing so for yourselves? 7 Should you not have obeyed the words that the Lord cried out through the former prophets when Jerusalem was peacefully inhabited and her surrounding cities, the Negev, and the foothills were also populated?’” 8 Again the Lord’s message came to Zechariah: 9 “The Lord of Heaven’s Armies said, ‘Exercise true judgment and show brotherhood and compassion to each other. 10 You must not oppress the widow, the orphan, the resident foreigner, or the poor, nor should anyone secretly plot evil against his fellow citizen.’⁠ 11 “But they refused to pay attention, turning away stubbornly and stopping their ears so they could not hear.⁠ 12 Indeed, they made their hearts as hard as diamond, so that they could not obey the law of Moses and the other words the Lord of Heaven’s Armies had sent by his Spirit through the former prophets. Therefore, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies poured out great wrath. 13 “‘Just as I called out, but they would not obey, so they will call out, but I will not listen,’ the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says. 14 ‘Rather, I will sweep them away in a storm into all the nations they are not familiar with.’ Thus the land became desolate because of them, with no one crossing through or returning, for they had made the fruitful land a waste.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Jeremiah 25:11 and Zechariah 7:5

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Jeremiah and Zechariah use the number seventy to describe loss and renewal. In Jeremiah, it represents the number of years of exile under Babylon before the people return. In Zechariah, it is the number of years the temple lay in ruins before rebuilding.

Passages

Jeremiah 25:11

Hebrew Bible
9 So I, the Lord, affirm that I will send for all the peoples of the north and my servant, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I will bring them against this land and its inhabitants and all the nations that surround it. I will utterly destroy the land, its inhabitants, and all the surrounding nations and make them everlasting ruins. I will make them objects of horror and hissing scorn. 10 I will put an end to the sounds of joy and gladness and the glad celebration of brides and grooms in these lands. I will put an end to the sound of people grinding meal. I will put an end to lamps shining in their houses. 11 This whole area will become a desolate wasteland. These nations will be subject to the king of Babylon for 70 years.’ 12 “‘But when the seventy years are over, I will punish the king of Babylon and his nation for their sins. I will make the land of Babylon an everlasting ruin. I, the Lord, affirm it! 13 I will bring on that land everything that I said I would. I will bring on it everything that is written in this book. I will bring on it everything that Jeremiah has prophesied against all the nations.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jeremiah

Zechariah 7:5

Hebrew Bible
3 by asking both the priests of the temple of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies and the prophets, “Should we weep in the fifth month, fasting as we have done over the years?” 4 The message of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies then came to me, 5 “Speak to all the people and priests of the land as follows: ‘When you fasted and lamented in the fifth and seventh months through all these 70 years, did you truly fast for me—for me, indeed? 6 And now when you eat and drink, are you not doing so for yourselves? 7 Should you not have obeyed the words that the Lord cried out through the former prophets when Jerusalem was peacefully inhabited and her surrounding cities, the Negev, and the foothills were also populated?’”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Several writings in the Hebrew Bible also show an interest in the number seventy for the structuring of time. Well known is the reference in Jeremiah to “seventy years” as the period of duration for the Babylonian exile (Jeremiah 25:11–12; 29:10). Similarly, in Zechariah 1:12–17 a duration of seventy years is applied to the Temple’s ruined state (compare also Zechariah 7:5), with the text adding that after this the Temple will be rebuilt (Zechariah 1:16). Seventy years are also mentioned in 2 Chronicles 36:21, though there they are referred to as “seventy years of rest” in the land. Thus the Jeremianic prophecy that focuses on the exile from the land and the Chronicler’s emphasis on rest in the land stand at odds ..."
Loren T. Stuckenbruck, “The Apocalypse of Weeks: Periodization and Tradition-Historical Context,” in Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel, ed. Andrew B. Perrin and Loren T. Stuckenbruck, TBN 26 (Leiden: Brill, 2021), 81–95.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jeremiah 25:11 and Zechariah 7:5

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