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Zechariah

About this book
Chapter 11

1 Open your gates, Lebanon, so that the fire may consume your cedars.⁠ 2 Howl, fir tree, because the cedar has fallen; the majestic trees have been destroyed. Howl, oaks of Bashan, because the impenetrable forest has fallen. 3 Listen to the howling of shepherds, because their magnificence has been destroyed. Listen to the roaring of young lions, because the thickets of the Jordan have been devastated. 4 The Lord my God says this: “Shepherd the flock set aside for slaughter. 5 Those who buy them slaughter them and are not held guilty; those who sell them say, ‘Blessed be the Lord, for I am rich.’ Their own shepherds have no compassion for them. 6 Indeed, I will no longer have compassion on the people of the land,” says the Lord, “but instead I will turn every last person over to his neighbor and his king. They will devastate the land, and I will not deliver it from them.” 7 So I began to shepherd the flock destined for slaughter, the most afflicted of all the flock. Then I took two staffs, calling one “Pleasantness” and the other “Union,” and I tended the flock. 8 Next I eradicated the three shepherds in one month, for I ran out of patience with them and, indeed, they detested me as well. 9 I then said, “I will not shepherd you. What is to die, let it die, and what is to be eradicated, let it be eradicated. As for those who survive, let them eat each other’s flesh!” 10 Then I took my staff “Pleasantness” and cut it in two to annul my covenant that I had made with all the people. 11 So it was annulled that very day, and then the most afflicted of the flock who kept faith with me knew that it was the Lord’s message. 12 Then I said to them, “If it seems good to you, pay me my wages, but if not, forget it.” So they weighed out my payment—30 pieces of silver.⁠ 13 The Lord then said to me, “Throw to the potter that exorbitant sum at which they valued me!” So I took the 30 pieces of silver and threw them to the potter at the temple of the Lord.⁠ 14 Then I cut the second staff “Union” in two in order to annul the covenant of brotherhood between Judah and Israel.⁠ 15 Again the Lord said to me, “Take up once more the equipment of a foolish shepherd. 16 Indeed, I am about to raise up a shepherd in the land who will not take heed of the sheep headed to slaughter, will not seek the scattered, and will not heal the injured. Moreover, he will not nourish the one that is healthy, but instead will eat the meat of the fat sheep and tear off their hooves. 17 “Woe to the worthless shepherd who abandons the flock! May a sword fall on his arm and his right eye! May his arm wither completely away and his right eye become completely blind!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 2:13 and Zechariah 11:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Isaiah uses the image of Lebanon’s cedars and Bashan’s oak trees to symbolize the fall of the proud and powerful. Zechariah echoes this language and natural imagery, portraying the destruction of trees as a lament over leaders and nations about to fall.

Passages

Isaiah 2:13

Hebrew Bible
11 Proud men will be brought low, arrogant men will be humiliated; the Lord alone will be exalted in that day. 12 Indeed, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has planned a day of judgment for all the high and mighty for all who are proud—they will be humiliated; 13 for all the cedars of Lebanon that are so high and mighty, for all the oaks of Bashan, 14 for all the tall mountains, for all the high hills, 15 for every high tower, for every fortified wall,
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Zechariah 11:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Open your gates, Lebanon, so that the fire may consume your cedars. 2 Howl, fir tree, because the cedar has fallen; the majestic trees have been destroyed. Howl, oaks of Bashan, because the impenetrable forest has fallen. 3 Listen to the howling of shepherds, because their magnificence has been destroyed. Listen to the roaring of young lions, because the thickets of the Jordan have been devastated. 4 The Lord my God says this: “Shepherd the flock set aside for slaughter.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Structurally, Zechariah 11 stands at the center of Zechariah 9–14 as a whole, a position I argued in 1989 and one Katrina J. A. Larkin adopted. I further argue here that the chapters grew incrementally: Zechariah 9 (around Zechariah 9:9–10), then Zechariah 10:1 + 3b–12, then Zechariah 11–14, with Zechariah 11 serving as the centerpiece or as the fulcrum on which all six chapters pivot. In addition, as seen in the paragraph above, Zechariah 10:2–3a was written by that same redactor to weld together Zechariah 9–10 and 11–14. This argument employs form criticism in the analysis of the chapters, but treats the chapters as a collection that grew in stages. Some scholars argue that Zechariah 14 was added after Zechariah 9–13 took shape, but it too shows interest in the villains of Zechariah 11:4–16, the “merchants,” and makes one last condemnation of them (Zechariah 14:21b, another redactional addition). Zechariah 11:1–3 and Zechariah 13:7–9 join Zechariah 10:2–3a as the primary redactional seams. The literary nature of Zechariah 11:1–3 can be demonstrated by means of a diagram that shows the intertextual bases of the three verses. (Isaiah 2:13-15; 10:33-34; Jeremiah 25:34-8; Zechariah 11:1-3) ..."
Paul L. Redditt, “Form Criticism in Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi: From Oral Sayings to Literature,” in The Book of the Twelve and the New Form Criticism, ed. Mark J. Boda, Michael H. Floyd, and Colin M. Toffelmire, ANEM 10 (Atlanta: SBL, 2015), 265–284.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 2:13 and Zechariah 11:2

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