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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

The King Shares the Mortality of All

Chapter 7

1 I myself am also mortal, like everyone else, and am a descendant of one formed first and born of the earth.⁠ 2 I was molded into flesh in the time of ten months in my mother’s womb, being compacted in blood from the seed of man and pleasure of marriage. 3 I also, when I was born, drew in the common air, and fell upon the kindred earth, uttering, like all, for my first voice, the same cry. 4 I was nursed with care in swaddling clothes. 5 For no king had a different beginning, 6 but all men have one entrance into life, and a common departure.

Wisdom Is More Precious Than Riches

7 For this reason I prayed, and understanding was given to me. I asked, and a spirit of wisdom came to me.⁠ 8 I preferred her before sceptres and thrones. I considered riches nothing in comparison to her. 9 Neither did I liken to her any priceless gem, because all gold in her presence is a little sand, and silver will be considered as clay before her. 10 I loved her more than health and beauty, and I chose to have her rather than light, because her bright shining is never laid to sleep. 11 All good things came to me with her, and innumerable riches are in her hands.⁠ 12 And I rejoiced over them all because wisdom leads them; although I didn’t know that she was their mother. 13 As I learned without guile, I impart without grudging. I don’t hide her riches. 14 For she is a treasure for men that doesn’t fail,⁠ and those who use it obtain friendship with God, commended by the gifts which they present through discipline.

God’s Gift and the Qualities of Wisdom

15 But may God grant that I may speak with discernment, and to conceive thoughts worthy of what has been given me; because he is one who guides even wisdom and who corrects the wise. 16 For both we and our words are in his hand, with all understanding and skill in various crafts. 17 For he himself gave me an unerring knowledge of the things that are, to know the structure of the universe and the operation of the elements;⁠ 18 the beginning, end, and middle of times; the alternations of the solstices and the changes of seasons; 19 the circuits of years and the positions of stars; 20 the natures of living creatures and the raging of wild beasts; the violence of winds and the thoughts of men; the diversities of plants and the virtues of roots. 21 All things that are either secret or manifest I learned,⁠ 22 for wisdom, that is the architect of all things, taught me. For there is in her a spirit that is quick to understand, holy, unique, manifold, subtle, freely moving, clear in utterance, unpolluted, distinct, invulnerable, loving what is good, keen, unhindered,⁠ 23 beneficent, loving toward man, steadfast, sure, free from care, all-powerful, all-surveying, and penetrating through all spirits that are quick to understand,⁠ pure, most subtle. 24 For wisdom is more mobile than any motion.⁠ Yes, she pervades and penetrates all things by reason of her purity.⁠

Wisdom as the Reflection of God’s Goodness

25 For she is a breath of the power of God,⁠ and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty.⁠ Therefore nothing defiled can find entrance into her.⁠ 26 For she is a reflection of everlasting light, an unspotted mirror of the working of God, and an image of his goodness.⁠ 27 Although she is one, she has power to do all things.⁠ Remaining in herself, she renews all things.⁠ From generation to generation passing into holy souls, she makes friends of God and prophets.⁠ 28 For God loves nothing except one who dwells with wisdom. 29 For she is fairer than the sun, and above all the constellations of the stars.⁠ She is better than light.⁠ 30 For daylight yields to night, but evil does not prevail against wisdom.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 7:23 and Hebrews 4:12

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Hebrews uses language from the Wisdom of Solomon that describes wisdom as bright, pure, and reflecting divine glory. It reshapes this and uses language that highlights exactness and perfection instead of “image” or “goodness.”

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 7:23

Deuterocanon
21 All things that are either secret or manifest I learned, 22 for wisdom, that is the architect of all things, taught me. For there is in her a spirit that is quick to understand, holy, unique, manifold, subtle, freely moving, clear in utterance, unpolluted, distinct, invulnerable, loving what is good, keen, unhindered, 23 beneficent, loving toward man, steadfast, sure, free from care, all-powerful, all-surveying, and penetrating through all spirits that are quick to understand, pure, most subtle. 24 For wisdom is more mobile than any motion. Yes, she pervades and penetrates all things by reason of her purity. 25 For she is a breath of the power of God, and a pure emanation of the glory of the Almighty. Therefore nothing defiled can find entrance into her. 26 For she is a reflection of everlasting light, an unspotted mirror of the working of God, and an image of his goodness. 27 Although she is one, she has power to do all things. Remaining in herself, she renews all things. From generation to generation passing into holy souls, she makes friends of God and prophets. 28 For God loves nothing except one who dwells with wisdom.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Hebrews 4:12

New Testament
10 For the one who enters God’s rest has also rested from his works, just as God did from his own works. 11 Thus we must make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one may fall by following the same pattern of disobedience. 12 For the word of God is living and active and sharper than any double-edged sword, piercing even to the point of dividing soul from spirit, and joints from marrow; it is able to judge the desires and thoughts of the heart. 13 And no creature is hidden from God, but everything is naked and exposed to the eyes of him to whom we must render an account. 14 Therefore since we have a great high priest who has passed through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast to our confession.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Hebrews

References

"... When we begin to bring together the various strands of thought which we have thus far explored, a coherent image of the Son begins to form. The author of Hebrews appears to use some terms as a way to recall aspects of the Biblical tradition, most notably ἀπαύγασμα “radiance” and δόξα “glory”. The term ἀπαύγασμα “radiance”, hearkens back to the Wisdom tradition as seen in Wisdom of Solomon 7:26 and it stresses the close, even inseparable relationship which exists between the Father and Son while the term “glory” hearkens back to theophanic expressions of God’s being. The author of Hebrews however also appears to have avoided / altered some of the terms found in Wisdom of Solomon 7, for example ἀγαθότητος “goodness” and εἰκὼν “image”. The replacement of “image” with the term χαρακτήρ “character” seems to be an attempt to express the accurate nature of the Son’s representation while also stressing that the Son’s representation is different than man’s reflection of the divine as given in Genesis 1:26 - Christ is more than an image of God like other human beings, as the Son he bears a unique relationship to the Father which the author of Hebrews describes as the “stamp of his being”. The replacement of “goodness” by ὑπόστασις “substance” seems to clarify that the Son reflects not simply one aspect of God’s being but His whole being. Finally, we saw certain terms, for example χαρακτήρ “character” and ὑπόστασις “substance”, while not channeling the Biblical tradition, do not appear to be endorsements of philosophical thought either ..."
Peter A. Langenkamp, God’s Word to Man, Wisdom Personified and the Christ of Hebrews 1:3 (Mount St. Mary’s Seminary of the West, 2017), 47.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 7:23 and Hebrews 4:12

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