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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

The Vindication of the Righteous

Chapter 5

1 Then the righteous man will stand in great boldness before the face of those who afflicted him, and those who make his labors of no account. 2 When they see him, they will be troubled with terrible fear, and will be amazed at the marvel of salvation. 3 They will speak among themselves repenting, and for distress of spirit they will groan, “This was he whom we used to hold in derision, as a parable of reproach. 4 We fools considered his life madness, and his end without honor. 5 How was he counted among sons of God? How is his lot among saints? 6 Truly we went astray from the way of truth. The light of righteousness didn’t shine for us. The sun didn’t rise for us.⁠ 7 We took our fill of the paths of lawlessness and destruction. We traveled through trackless deserts, but we didn’t know the Lord’s way. 8 What did our arrogance profit us? What good have riches and boasting brought us?⁠ 9 Those things all passed away as a shadow, like a rumor that runs by, 10 like a ship passing through the billowy water, which, when it has gone by, there is no trace to be found, no pathway of its keel in the waves. 11 Or it is like when a bird flies through the air, no evidence of its passage is found, but the light wind, lashed with the stroke of its pinions, and torn apart with the violent rush of the moving wings, is passed through. Afterwards no sign of its coming remains. 12 Or it is like when an arrow is shot at a mark, the air it divided closes up again immediately, so that men don’t know where it passed through. 13 So we also, as soon as we were born, ceased to be;⁠ and we had no sign of virtue to show, but we were utterly consumed in our wickedness.” 14 Because the hope of the ungodly man is like chaff carried by the wind, and as thin frost driven away by a tempest; and is scattered like smoke by the wind, and passes by as the remembrance of a guest who stays just a day. 15 But the righteous live forever. Their reward is in the Lord, and the care for them with the Most High.⁠ 16 Therefore they will receive the crown of royal dignity and the diadem of beauty from the Lord’s hand,⁠ because he will cover them with his right hand, and he will shield them with his arm. 17 He will take his zeal as complete armor, and will make the whole creation his weapons to punish his enemies:⁠ 18 He will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and will wear impartial judgment as a helmet.⁠ 19 He will take holiness as an invincible shield. 20 He will sharpen stern wrath for a sword. The universe will go with him to fight against his frenzied foes. 21 Shafts of lightning will fly with true aim. They will leap to the mark from the clouds, as from a well-drawn bow. 22 Hailstones full of wrath will be hurled as from a catapult. The water of the sea will be angered against them. Rivers will sternly overwhelm them.⁠ 23 A mighty wind will encounter them. It will winnow them away like a tempest. So lawlessness will make all the land desolate. Their evil-doing will overturn the thrones of princes.

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 5:8 and Cyprian, Treatises 5.24

Deuterocanon · Early Christian

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Summary

The Christian theologian Cyprian uses the Wisdom of Solomon as an authoritative source for teaching when he echoes its emphasis on the emptiness of pride and wealth, showing how it influenced early Christian tradition.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 5:8

Deuterocanon
6 Truly we went astray from the way of truth. The light of righteousness didn’t shine for us. The sun didn’t rise for us. 7 We took our fill of the paths of lawlessness and destruction. We traveled through trackless deserts, but we didn’t know the Lord’s way. 8 What did our arrogance profit us? What good have riches and boasting brought us? 9 Those things all passed away as a shadow, like a rumor that runs by, 10 like a ship passing through the billowy water, which, when it has gone by, there is no trace to be found, no pathway of its keel in the waves.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Cyprian, Treatises 5.24

Early Christian
24 What glory of faith will there be then, what punishment of unbelief, when the day of judgment comes! What joy of believers, what sorrow of unbelievers, that they refused to believe here before, and that now they cannot return to believe! Ever-burning Gehenna will burn up those condemned to it, and a devouring punishment with living flames; nor will there be any source from which they could ever have respite or end of their torments. Souls with their bodies will be kept for pain in infinite tortures. There he will be forever looked upon by us who looked upon us here for a time; and the brief enjoyment of cruel eyes in the persecutions they carried out will be paid for by a perpetual sight, according to the faithful word of holy Scripture, which says: “Their worm will not die, and their fire will not be quenched, and they will be a spectacle to all flesh.” And again: “Then the righteous will stand in great boldness against those who afflicted them and who took away their labors. Seeing it, they will be troubled with horrible fear, and will marvel at the suddenness of unexpected salvation, saying among themselves, repenting and groaning in anguish of spirit: These are those whom we once held in derision and as a byword of reproach. We fools thought their life madness and their end without honor. How have they been counted among the children of God, and their lot is among the saints? So we have strayed from the way of truth, and the light of righteousness has not shone for us, and the sun has not risen for us. We have wearied ourselves in the way of iniquity and destruction, and we have walked through difficult wildernesses, but the way of the Lord we have not known. What has pride profited us, or what has the boasting of riches brought us? All those things have passed away like a shadow.” Then there will be the pain of punishment without the fruit of repentance, empty weeping and ineffective pleading. Too late do they believe in eternal punishment who refused to believe in eternal life.
245–260 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Cyprian, Treatises

References

"... The most ancient of the Fathers to use Wisdom was Clement of Rome who quoted Wisdom 11:22 and 12:12 mixing both from memory (Ep. I ad Cor. 27:5). Eusebius (Ecclesiastical History 5:6) said that Irenaeus used Wisdom. From the time of Clement of Alexandria, the Fathers continually used Wisdom and often called it inspired. Athanasius, Eusebius, Cyprian, and Augustine (though not whole-heartedly) cited it as Scripture, that is, they regarded it as canonical and inspired (and written by Solomon), Origen, Didymus, Ephraem Syrus, Hippolytus Romanus, Chrysostom, and others referred to it in proof of doctrines in the same manner as they referred to the rest of the Bible. The views found in Wisdom are advanced beyond the Old Testament and contain many thoughts found in the New Testament. Perhaps its union of Jewish and Greek ideas explains its anticipation of doctrines and language found in the New Testament ..."
Phillip W. Berwick, The Way of Salvation in the Wisdom of Solomon (Boston University, 1958), 141.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 5:8 and Cyprian, Treatises 5.24

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