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About this book

Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

The Vindication of the Righteous

Chapter 5

1 Then the righteous man will stand in great boldness before the face of those who afflicted him, and those who make his labors of no account. 2 When they see him, they will be troubled with terrible fear, and will be amazed at the marvel of salvation. 3 They will speak among themselves repenting, and for distress of spirit they will groan, “This was he whom we used to hold in derision, as a parable of reproach. 4 We fools considered his life madness, and his end without honor. 5 How was he counted among sons of God? How is his lot among saints? 6 Truly we went astray from the way of truth. The light of righteousness didn’t shine for us. The sun didn’t rise for us.⁠ 7 We took our fill of the paths of lawlessness and destruction. We traveled through trackless deserts, but we didn’t know the Lord’s way. 8 What did our arrogance profit us? What good have riches and boasting brought us?⁠ 9 Those things all passed away as a shadow, like a rumor that runs by, 10 like a ship passing through the billowy water, which, when it has gone by, there is no trace to be found, no pathway of its keel in the waves. 11 Or it is like when a bird flies through the air, no evidence of its passage is found, but the light wind, lashed with the stroke of its pinions, and torn apart with the violent rush of the moving wings, is passed through. Afterwards no sign of its coming remains. 12 Or it is like when an arrow is shot at a mark, the air it divided closes up again immediately, so that men don’t know where it passed through. 13 So we also, as soon as we were born, ceased to be;⁠ and we had no sign of virtue to show, but we were utterly consumed in our wickedness.” 14 Because the hope of the ungodly man is like chaff carried by the wind, and as thin frost driven away by a tempest; and is scattered like smoke by the wind, and passes by as the remembrance of a guest who stays just a day. 15 But the righteous live forever. Their reward is in the Lord, and the care for them with the Most High.⁠ 16 Therefore they will receive the crown of royal dignity and the diadem of beauty from the Lord’s hand,⁠ because he will cover them with his right hand, and he will shield them with his arm. 17 He will take his zeal as complete armor, and will make the whole creation his weapons to punish his enemies:⁠ 18 He will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and will wear impartial judgment as a helmet.⁠ 19 He will take holiness as an invincible shield. 20 He will sharpen stern wrath for a sword. The universe will go with him to fight against his frenzied foes. 21 Shafts of lightning will fly with true aim. They will leap to the mark from the clouds, as from a well-drawn bow. 22 Hailstones full of wrath will be hurled as from a catapult. The water of the sea will be angered against them. Rivers will sternly overwhelm them.⁠ 23 A mighty wind will encounter them. It will winnow them away like a tempest. So lawlessness will make all the land desolate. Their evil-doing will overturn the thrones of princes.

Texts in conversation

Compare Judges 5:5 and Wisdom of Solomon 5:22

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Judges describes God as a storm deity who shakes the earth and unleashes the heavens and stars to fight. The Wisdom of Solomon uses this same imagery but develops it, describing all of creation as God’s weapon in the fight for justice.

Passages

Judges 5:5

Hebrew Bible
3 Hear, O kings! Pay attention, O rulers! I will sing to the Lord! I will sing to the Lord God of Israel! 4 “O Lord, when you departed from Seir, when you marched from Edom’s plains, the earth shook, the heavens poured down, the clouds poured down rain. 5 The mountains trembled before the Lord, the God of Sinai; before the Lord God of Israel. 6 “In the days of Shamgar son of Anath, in the days of Jael caravans disappeared; travelers had to go on winding side roads. 7 Warriors were scarce; they were scarce in Israel, until you arose, Deborah, until you arose as a motherly protector in Israel.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Judges

Wisdom of Solomon 5:22

Deuterocanon
17 He will take his zeal as complete armor, and will make the whole creation his weapons to punish his enemies: 18 He will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and will wear impartial judgment as a helmet. 19 He will take holiness as an invincible shield. 20 He will sharpen stern wrath for a sword. The universe will go with him to fight against his frenzied foes. 21 Shafts of lightning will fly with true aim. They will leap to the mark from the clouds, as from a well-drawn bow. 22 Hailstones full of wrath will be hurled as from a catapult. The water of the sea will be angered against them. Rivers will sternly overwhelm them. 23 A mighty wind will encounter them. It will winnow them away like a tempest. So lawlessness will make all the land desolate. Their evil-doing will overturn the thrones of princes.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... The imagery of Isaiah 59 is reproduced with minor modifications in Wisdom of Solomon 5: “he will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and wear impartial justice as a helmet; he will take holiness as an invincible shield, and sharpen stern wrath for a sword.” Our question here is whether the understanding of this material is altered by its new context in the Wisdom of Solomon. The primary difference would seem to lie in the involvement of creation. Wisdom of Solomon 5:16 says that God will arm all creation to repel his enemies, and 5:20 affirms that creation will join him in his fight. To some degree, the involvement of creation is already implied in the traditional imagery of the Divine Warrior. In Judges 5 we are told that the stars fought from heaven against Sisera. In Psalm 77 the clouds poured down water and lightning illuminated the world when God led Israel through the sea. All of this, however, is understood as a miraculous departure from the normal workings of nature. The future intervention of the Divine Warrior, as envisioned in Isaiah 59, is similarly a departure from the working of nature, the action of a deity who intervenes in this world to reverse its course. In the Wisdom of Solomon, in contrast, creation itself is programmed to ensure the implementation of justice ..."
John J. Collins, Jewish Cult and Hellenistic Culture: Essays on the Jewish Encounter with Hellenism and Roman Rule, JSJSup 100 (Leiden: Brill, 2005), 153.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Judges 5:5 and Wisdom of Solomon 5:22

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