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About this book

Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

The Vindication of the Righteous

Chapter 5

1 Then the righteous man will stand in great boldness before the face of those who afflicted him, and those who make his labors of no account. 2 When they see him, they will be troubled with terrible fear, and will be amazed at the marvel of salvation. 3 They will speak among themselves repenting, and for distress of spirit they will groan, “This was he whom we used to hold in derision, as a parable of reproach. 4 We fools considered his life madness, and his end without honor. 5 How was he counted among sons of God? How is his lot among saints? 6 Truly we went astray from the way of truth. The light of righteousness didn’t shine for us. The sun didn’t rise for us.⁠ 7 We took our fill of the paths of lawlessness and destruction. We traveled through trackless deserts, but we didn’t know the Lord’s way. 8 What did our arrogance profit us? What good have riches and boasting brought us?⁠ 9 Those things all passed away as a shadow, like a rumor that runs by, 10 like a ship passing through the billowy water, which, when it has gone by, there is no trace to be found, no pathway of its keel in the waves. 11 Or it is like when a bird flies through the air, no evidence of its passage is found, but the light wind, lashed with the stroke of its pinions, and torn apart with the violent rush of the moving wings, is passed through. Afterwards no sign of its coming remains. 12 Or it is like when an arrow is shot at a mark, the air it divided closes up again immediately, so that men don’t know where it passed through. 13 So we also, as soon as we were born, ceased to be;⁠ and we had no sign of virtue to show, but we were utterly consumed in our wickedness.” 14 Because the hope of the ungodly man is like chaff carried by the wind, and as thin frost driven away by a tempest; and is scattered like smoke by the wind, and passes by as the remembrance of a guest who stays just a day. 15 But the righteous live forever. Their reward is in the Lord, and the care for them with the Most High.⁠ 16 Therefore they will receive the crown of royal dignity and the diadem of beauty from the Lord’s hand,⁠ because he will cover them with his right hand, and he will shield them with his arm. 17 He will take his zeal as complete armor, and will make the whole creation his weapons to punish his enemies:⁠ 18 He will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and will wear impartial judgment as a helmet.⁠ 19 He will take holiness as an invincible shield. 20 He will sharpen stern wrath for a sword. The universe will go with him to fight against his frenzied foes. 21 Shafts of lightning will fly with true aim. They will leap to the mark from the clouds, as from a well-drawn bow. 22 Hailstones full of wrath will be hurled as from a catapult. The water of the sea will be angered against them. Rivers will sternly overwhelm them.⁠ 23 A mighty wind will encounter them. It will winnow them away like a tempest. So lawlessness will make all the land desolate. Their evil-doing will overturn the thrones of princes.

Texts in conversation

Compare Isaiah 62:3 and Wisdom of Solomon 5:16

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Isaiah 62 portrays Zion as a majestic crown held by God, using the image to describe the city’s restoration and vindication. Wisdom of Solomon uses the crown image but describes it as a reward given to righteous individuals rather than the nation.

Passages

Isaiah 62:3

Hebrew Bible
1 For the sake of Zion I will not be silent; for the sake of Jerusalem I will not be quiet, until her vindication shines brightly and her deliverance burns like a torch. 2 Nations will see your vindication, and all kings your splendor. You will be called by a new name that the Lord himself will give you. 3 You will be a majestic crown in the hand of the Lord, a royal turban in the hand of your God. 4 You will no longer be called, “Abandoned,” and your land will no longer be called “Desolate.” Indeed, you will be called “My Delight is in Her” and your land “Married.” For the Lord will take delight in you, and your land will be married to him. 5 As a young man marries a young woman, so your sons will marry you. As a bridegroom rejoices over a bride, so your God will rejoice over you.
740–450 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Isaiah

Wisdom of Solomon 5:16

Deuterocanon
14 Because the hope of the ungodly man is like chaff carried by the wind, and as thin frost driven away by a tempest; and is scattered like smoke by the wind, and passes by as the remembrance of a guest who stays just a day. 15 But the righteous live forever. Their reward is in the Lord, and the care for them with the Most High. 16 Therefore they will receive the crown of royal dignity and the diadem of beauty from the Lord’s hand, because he will cover them with his right hand, and he will shield them with his arm. 17 He will take his zeal as complete armor, and will make the whole creation his weapons to punish his enemies: 18 He will put on righteousness as a breastplate, and will wear impartial judgment as a helmet.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... Despite Wisdom 5’s predominant dependence on Isaiah 59, there are aspects of chapter 59 that do not completely fulfill Pseudo-Solomon’s purposes. Here, I note a few salient differences between the two texts that reflect how Pseudo-Solomon supplements and molds the themes in Isaiah 59 to more fully communicate his own message. First, Isaiah 59 does not mention immortality for the righteous in the afterlife. In fact, the only benefit granted the righteous is earthly salvation and restoration (59:16, 20–21). Such salvation, which includes a covenantal relationship with God, is spoken about in eternal terms, but it is still communally and earthly-oriented, being maintained through subsequent generations (59:21). So, in Wisdom of Solomon 5:15–16, Pseudo-Solomon supplements the eschatological vision expressed in Isaiah 59 by mentioning a reward that involves eternal life after death for righteous individuals who will receive a beautiful diadem from the hand of the Lord. This diadem image clearly derives from Isaiah 62:3 since these are the only two biblical passages that use this language ... Pseudo-Solomon even takes up this Isaian verse, which originally refers to the restoration of Zion, thus having a communal sense, and reapplies it to the reward that awaits righteous individuals in the afterlife. Through this supplementation derived from another Deutero-Isaian text, Pseudo-Solomon provides a fuller picture of the eternal reward awaiting the righteous ..."
Andrew T. Glicksman, “Divine Retribution and Reward Revisited: The Rereading and Reapplication of Isaiah 59 in Wisdom 5,” in Intertextual Explorations in Deuterocanonical and Cognate Literature, ed. Jeremy Corley and Geoffrey David Miller (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2019), 79–98.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Isaiah 62:3 and Wisdom of Solomon 5:16

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