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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book
Chapter 4

1 It is better to be childless with virtue, for immortality is in the memory of virtue, because it is recognized both before God and before people.⁠ 2 When it is present, people imitate it. They long for it when it has departed. Throughout all time it marches, crowned in triumph, victorious in the competition for the prizes that are pure.

3 But the growing brood of the ungodly will bring no benefit, and their illegitimate offshoots won’t take deep root, nor will they establish a firm hold.⁠ 4 For even if they grow branches and flourish for a time, their unstable footing means they will be shaken by the wind. They will be uprooted by the violence of winds. 5 Their branches will be broken off before they come to maturity. Their fruit will be useless, never ripe to eat, and fit for nothing. 6 For unlawfully conceived children are witnesses of wickedness against parents when they are investigated.

Righteousness and Early Death

7 But a righteous person, even if he dies before his time, will be at rest.⁠ 8 For honorable old age does not depend on length of life, nor is it measured by the number of years,⁠ 9 but understanding is gray hair for people, and a blameless life is ripe old age.⁠

10 Someone pleased God and was loved by him. While living among sinners he was taken away.⁠ 11 He was taken away so that evil would not change his understanding, or deceit mislead his soul. 12 For the fascination of wickedness obscures the things which are good, and the whirl of desire corrupts an innocent mind.⁠ 13 He reached perfection in a short time and fulfilled a long lifetime, 14 for his soul was pleasing to the Lord. Therefore he hurried away from the middle of wickedness. 15 But the peoples saw and didn’t understand, failing to consider that grace and mercy are with his chosen, and that he visits his holy ones,

16 but a righteous person who is dead will condemn the ungodly who are living,⁠ and a young person who is quickly perfected will condemn the many years of an unrighteous person’s old age. 17 For the ungodly will see a wise person’s end, and won’t understand what the Lord planned for him, and why he safely kept him. 18 They will see, and they will despise, but the Lord will laugh at them in scorn. After this, they will become a disgraced corpse and an object of shame among the dead forever,⁠ 19 because he will dash them speechless to the ground, and will shake them from the foundations. They will lie completely devastated. They will be in anguish and their memory will perish. 20 They will come with cowardly fear when their sins are counted. Their lawless deeds will convict them to their face.

Texts in conversation

Compare Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 25:5 and Wisdom of Solomon 4:8

Deuterocanon

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Summary

Sirach praises wisdom gained through age and experience, viewing long life as the reward of sound judgment. The Wisdom of Solomon contrasts this and says wisdom comes from living rightly, so even the young can be truly wise.

Passages

Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 25:5

Deuterocanon · Ben Sira, Ecclesiasticus
3 If you gathered nothing in your youth,
how could you find anything in your old age?
4 How beautiful is judgment among the gray-haired,
and for elders to know good advice!
5 How beautiful is the wisdom of old men,
and understanding and advice to honored men!
6 Much experience is the crown of the aged.
Their glory is the fear of the Lord.
7 There are nine things I have thought about and judged fortunate in my heart,
and I will speak of a tenth with my tongue:
a man who has joy with his children,
and a man who lives and sees the fall of his enemies.
195–175 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach

Wisdom of Solomon 4:8

Deuterocanon
6 For unlawfully conceived children are witnesses of wickedness against parents
when they are investigated.
7 But a righteous person, even if he dies before his time,
will be at rest.
8 For honorable old age does not depend on length of life,
nor is it measured by the number of years
,
9 but understanding is gray hair for people,
and a blameless life is ripe old age.
10 Someone pleased God and was loved by him.
While living among sinners he was taken away.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... The Wisdom of Solomon (1st century BCE) relativizes the relationship of wisdom and old age in view of the early death of the righteous one. The dignity and wisdom of old age can already be attributed to a wise and righteous man who dies young: “But the righteous, though they die early, will be at rest. For old age is not honored for length of time, or measured by number of years; but understanding is grey hair for anyone, and a blameless life is ripe old age” (Wisdom of Solomon 4:7–9). The reasons why the connection between advanced age and wisdom was relativized in late Old Testament literature are probably to be found in the mental and social changes in late postexilic times. The hope for an afterlife that emerged during this period shed new light on earthly life, and thus also on ageing and old age. In particular, the hope for eternal life and immortality significantly contributed to a re-evaluation of “old age” or the dignity of old age, as for example described in Wisdom 4. In addition, new challenges and questions arose from the encounter with Greek philosophy and education, to which particularly the younger generation turned. These new challenges of the Hellenistic era could no longer be mastered solely with the wisdom of the elderly. Certainly, this changed context also may have contributed to a critical questioning of the wisdom of the elderly and thus of their social status as well ..."
Christian A. Neumann, Old Age before Modernity: Case Studies and Methodological Perspectives, 500 BC–1700 AD (Heidelberg: Heidelberg University, 2023), 177.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Jesus Ben Sira, Sirach 25:5 and Wisdom of Solomon 4:8

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