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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book
Chapter 4

1 It is better to be childless with virtue, for immortality is in the memory of virtue, because it is recognized both before God and before men.⁠ 2 When it is present, people imitate it. They long after it when it has departed. Throughout all time it marches, crowned in triumph, victorious in the competition for the prizes that are undefiled. 3 But the multiplying brood of the ungodly will be of no profit, and their illegitimate offshoots won’t take deep root, nor will they establish a sure hold.⁠ 4 For even if they grow branches and flourish for a season, standing unsure, they will be shaken by the wind. They will be uprooted by the violence of winds. 5 Their branches will be broken off before they come to maturity. Their fruit will be useless, never ripe to eat, and fit for nothing. 6 For unlawfully conceived children are witnesses of wickedness against parents when they are investigated.

Righteousness and Early Death

7 But a righteous man, even if he dies before his time, will be at rest.⁠ 8 For honorable old age is not that which stands in length of time, nor is its measure given by number of years,⁠ 9 but understanding is gray hair to men, and an unspotted life is ripe old age.⁠ 10 Being found well-pleasing to God, someone was loved. While living among sinners he was transported.⁠ 11 He was caught away, lest evil should change his understanding, or guile deceive his soul. 12 For the fascination of wickedness obscures the things which are good, and the whirl of desire perverts an innocent mind.⁠ 13 Being made perfect quickly, he filled a long time; 14 for his soul was pleasing to the Lord. Therefore he hurried out of the midst of wickedness. 15 But the peoples saw and didn’t understand, not considering this, that grace and mercy are with his chosen, and that he visits his holy ones; 16 but a righteous man who is dead will condemn the ungodly who are living,⁠ and youth who is quickly perfected will condemn the many years of an unrighteous man’s old age. 17 For the ungodly will see a wise man’s end, and won’t understand what the Lord planned for him, and why he safely kept him. 18 They will see, and they will despise; but the Lord will laugh them to scorn. After this, they will become a dishonored carcass and a reproach among the dead forever;⁠ 19 because he will dash them speechless to the ground, and will shake them from the foundations. They will lie utterly waste. They will be in anguish and their memory will perish. 20 They will come with cowardly fear when their sins are counted. Their lawless deeds will convict them to their face.

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 4:12 and Galatians 3:1

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

Galatians and Wisdom of Solomon refer to the evil eye and treat it as something that harms judgment and creates envy. Galatians says the community has been affected by it, and Wisdom uses the idea to show how people can be blinded to what is truly good.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 4:12

Deuterocanon
10 Being found well-pleasing to God, someone was loved. While living among sinners he was transported. 11 He was caught away, lest evil should change his understanding, or guile deceive his soul. 12 For the fascination of wickedness obscures the things which are good, and the whirl of desire perverts an innocent mind. 13 Being made perfect quickly, he filled a long time; 14 for his soul was pleasing to the Lord. Therefore he hurried out of the midst of wickedness. 15 But the peoples saw and didn’t understand, not considering this, that grace and mercy are with his chosen, and that he visits his holy ones;
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Galatians 3:1

New Testament
1 You foolish Galatians! Who has given you the evil eye?* Before your eyes Jesus Christ was vividly portrayed as crucified! 2 The only thing I want to learn from you is this: Did you receive the Spirit by doing the works of the law or by believing what you heard? 3 Are you so foolish? Although you began with the Spirit, are you now trying to finish by human effort? 4 Have you suffered so many things for nothing?—if indeed it was for nothing. 5 Does God then give you the Spirit and work miracles among you by your doing the works of the law or by your believing what you heard?
48–55 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Galatians

References

"... Galatians 3:1 ... In his letter to the Galatians, Paul implies that a competing group of Christians who followed the Jewish law, led by James, would have been jealous of the freedom Paul had given them in not being bound to Torah: 'O uncomprehending Galatians, who has injured you with an evil eye, you before whose very eyes Jesus Christ was proclaimed as crucified?' ... Damage caused by the Evil Eye ... Mishnah Avot 2:11, Proverbs 23:6; 28:22, Sirach 18:18; 31:12-13, Wisdom of Solomon 4:12 ..."
John H. Elliott, "The Evil Eye" in Crook, Zeba A., (ed.) The Ancient Mediterranean Social World: A Sourcebook (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 2020), 7–11.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 4:12 and Galatians 3:1

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