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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

The Suffering and Hope of the Righteous

Chapter 3

1 But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God,⁠ and no torment will touch them.⁠ 2 In the eyes of the foolish they seemed to have died. Their departure was considered a disaster,⁠ 3 and their travel away from us ruin, but they are in peace.⁠ 4 For even if in the sight of men they are punished, their hope is full of immortality.⁠ 5 Having borne a little chastening, they will receive great good; because God tested them, and found them worthy of himself.⁠ 6 He tested them like gold in the furnace,⁠ and he accepted them as a whole burnt offering. 7 In the time of their visitation they will shine. They will run back and forth like sparks among stubble.⁠ 8 They will judge nations and have dominion over peoples. The Lord will reign over them forever.⁠ 9 Those who trust him will understand truth. The faithful will live with him in love, because grace and mercy are with his chosen ones. 10 But the ungodly will be punished even as their reasoning deserves, those who neglected righteousness and revolted from the Lord; 11 for he who despises wisdom and discipline is miserable.⁠ Their hope is void and their toils unprofitable. Their works are useless. 12 Their wives are foolish and their children are wicked.

Virtue, Childlessness, and Lasting Fruitfulness

13 Their descendants are cursed. For the barren woman who is undefiled is happy, she who has not conceived in transgression. She will have fruit when God examines souls.⁠ 14 So is the eunuch who has done no lawless deed with his hands, nor imagined wicked things against the Lord; for a precious gift will be given to him for his faithfulness, and a delightful inheritance in the Lord’s sanctuary. 15 For good labors have fruit of great renown. The root of understanding can’t fail. 16 But children of adulterers will not come to maturity. The seed of an unlawful union will vanish away. 17 For if they live long, they will not be esteemed, and in the end, their old age will be without honor. 18 If they die young, they will have no hope, nor consolation in the day of judgment. 19 For the end of an unrighteous generation is grievous.

Texts in conversation

Compare Zechariah 13:9 and Wisdom of Solomon 3:6

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Zechariah describes a remnant tested in fire like silver and gold, using refining imagery to describe people shaped by difficulty. The Wisdom of Solomon uses the same metaphor, applying the furnace to the testing of the righteous.

Passages

Zechariah 13:9

Hebrew Bible
7 “Awake, sword, against my shepherd, against the man who is my associate, ”says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Strike the shepherd that the flock may be scattered; I will turn my hand against the insignificant ones. 8 It will happen in all the land,” says the Lord, “that two-thirds of the people in it will be cut off and die, but one-third will be left in it. 9 Then I will bring the remaining third into the fire; I will refine them like silver is refined and will test them like gold is tested. They will call on my name and I will answer; I will say, ‘These are my people,’ and they will say, ‘The Lord is our God.’”
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

Wisdom of Solomon 3:6

Deuterocanon
4 For even if in the sight of men they are punished, their hope is full of immortality. 5 Having borne a little chastening, they will receive great good; because God tested them, and found them worthy of himself. 6 He tested them like gold in the furnace, and he accepted them as a whole burnt offering. 7 In the time of their visitation they will shine. They will run back and forth like sparks among stubble. 8 They will judge nations and have dominion over peoples. The Lord will reign over them forever.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... Compare with Zechariah 13:9; Malachi 3:3; Psalm 66:10; Proverbs 17:3; Sirach 2:5; 1QH 5.15-15; Daniel 11:35; 12:10; Philo Sacr. 80: "Again, let the fresh ripeness of the soul be 'roasted,' that is tested by the might of reason, as gold is tested by the furnace"; Seneca De Providentia 5:10: "Fire tests gold, misfortune brave men"; 16.1.6: "God does not make a spoiled pet of a good man; he tests him, hardens him, and fits him for his own service"; 4.7: "God hardens, reviews, and disciplines those whom he approves, whom he loves. Those, however, whom he seems to favor ... he is really keeping soft against ills to come"; 3.3; Menander Fragments 691, ('smelting furnace') is found only in the LXX (1 Kings 8:51 and elsewhere) and Patristic literature ..."
David Winston, The Wisdom of Solomon: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1979), 128.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Zechariah 13:9 and Wisdom of Solomon 3:6

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