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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

The Suffering and Hope of the Righteous

Chapter 3

1 But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God,⁠ and no torment will touch them.⁠ 2 In the eyes of the foolish they seemed to have died. Their departure was considered a disaster,⁠ 3 and their travel away from us ruin, but they are in peace.⁠ 4 For even if in the sight of men they are punished, their hope is full of immortality.⁠ 5 Having borne a little chastening, they will receive great good; because God tested them, and found them worthy of himself.⁠ 6 He tested them like gold in the furnace,⁠ and he accepted them as a whole burnt offering. 7 In the time of their visitation they will shine. They will run back and forth like sparks among stubble.⁠ 8 They will judge nations and have dominion over peoples. The Lord will reign over them forever.⁠ 9 Those who trust him will understand truth. The faithful will live with him in love, because grace and mercy are with his chosen ones. 10 But the ungodly will be punished even as their reasoning deserves, those who neglected righteousness and revolted from the Lord; 11 for he who despises wisdom and discipline is miserable.⁠ Their hope is void and their toils unprofitable. Their works are useless. 12 Their wives are foolish and their children are wicked.

Virtue, Childlessness, and Lasting Fruitfulness

13 Their descendants are cursed. For the barren woman who is undefiled is happy, she who has not conceived in transgression. She will have fruit when God examines souls.⁠ 14 So is the eunuch who has done no lawless deed with his hands, nor imagined wicked things against the Lord; for a precious gift will be given to him for his faithfulness, and a delightful inheritance in the Lord’s sanctuary. 15 For good labors have fruit of great renown. The root of understanding can’t fail. 16 But children of adulterers will not come to maturity. The seed of an unlawful union will vanish away. 17 For if they live long, they will not be esteemed, and in the end, their old age will be without honor. 18 If they die young, they will have no hope, nor consolation in the day of judgment. 19 For the end of an unrighteous generation is grievous.

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 33:3 and Wisdom of Solomon 3:1

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Deuteronomy describes Israel as God’s holy ones held in his hand, receiving his words as a sign of protection and belonging. The Wisdom of Solomon echoes this language to declare that the souls of the righteous are safely in God’s hand.

Passages

Deuteronomy 33:3

Hebrew Bible
1 This is the blessing Moses the man of God pronounced upon the Israelites before his death. 2 He said: “The Lord came from Sinai and revealed himself to Israel from Seir. He appeared in splendor from Mount Paran, and came forth with ten thousand holy ones. With his right hand he gave a fiery law to them. 3 Surely he loves the people; all your holy ones are in your hand8. And they sit at your feet, each receiving your words. 4 Moses delivered to us a law, an inheritance for the assembly of Jacob. 5 The Lord was king over Jeshurun, when the leaders of the people assembled, the tribes of Israel together.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Wisdom of Solomon 3:1

Deuterocanon
1 But the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God, and no torment will touch them. 2 In the eyes of the foolish they seemed to have died. Their departure was considered a disaster, 3 and their travel away from us ruin, but they are in peace. 4 For even if in the sight of men they are punished, their hope is full of immortality. 5 Having borne a little chastening, they will receive great good; because God tested them, and found them worthy of himself.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... Fourth Maccabees 17:19 recites a line from LXX Deuteronomy 33:3 as a piece of evidence from ancient authority for the author’s claims concerning the destiny and current location of the martyrs (17:5, 18). Being located “under (ὑπό) God’s hands” (or “in God’s hands,” in the Hebrew text) is an image of protection. The author of Deuteronomy 33 wrote these words as part of a remembrance of God’s leadership and protection of the Hebrews through their wilderness journey. The author of 4 Maccabees, however, reads this typologically as an indication of God’s protection of God’s faithful ones - those who consecrate themselves to God through obedience to Torah, such as the martyrs - on their journey to their eternal home in God’s presence and as an affirmation of their arrival there in God’s presence. In other words, he reads the text much more in keeping with the sentiments of Wisdom of Solomon 3:1 (“the souls of the righteous are in the hand of God”) than with the original story of the exodus generation ..."
David A. DeSilva, 4 Maccabees: Introduction and Commentary on the Greek Text in Codex Sinaiticus, SEPT (Leiden: Brill, 2006), 248–249.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Deuteronomy 33:3 and Wisdom of Solomon 3:1

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