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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book
Chapter 2

1 For they said within themselves, with unsound reasoning, “Our life is short and sorrowful. There is no healing when a man comes to his end, and no one was ever known who was released from Hades.⁠ 2 Because we were born by mere chance, and hereafter we will be as though we had never been, because the breath in our nostrils is smoke, and reason is a spark kindled by the beating of our heart, 3 which being extinguished, the body will be turned into ashes, and the spirit will be dispersed as thin air. 4 Our name will be forgotten in time. No one will remember our works. Our life will pass away as the traces of a cloud, and will be scattered as is a mist, when it is chased by the rays of the sun, and overcome by its heat.⁠ 5 For our allotted time is the passing of a shadow, and our end doesn’t retreat, because it is securely sealed, and no one turns it back. 6 “Come therefore and let’s enjoy the good things that exist. Let’s use the creation earnestly as in our youth.⁠ 7 Let’s fill ourselves with costly wine and perfumes, and let no spring flower pass us by. 8 Let’s crown ourselves with rosebuds before they wither. 9 Let none of us go without his share in our proud revelry. Let’s leave tokens of mirth everywhere, because this is our portion, and this is our lot.⁠ 10 Let’s oppress the righteous poor. Let’s not spare the widow, nor regard the gray hair of the old man.⁠ 11 But let our strength be a law of righteousness; for that which is weak is proven useless. 12 But let’s lie in wait for the righteous man, because he annoys us, is contrary to our works,⁠ reproaches us with sins against the law, and charges us with sins against our training.⁠ 13 He professes to have knowledge of God, and calls himself a child of the Lord.⁠ 14 He became to us a reproof of our thoughts. 15 He is grievous to us even to look at, because his life is unlike other men’s, and his paths are strange. 16 We were regarded by him as something worthless, and he abstains from our ways as from uncleanness. He calls the latter end of the righteous happy. He boasts that God is his father.⁠ 17 Let’s see if his words are true. Let’s test what will happen at the end of his life. 18 For if the righteous man is God’s son, he will uphold him, and he will deliver him out of the hand of his adversaries. 19 Let’s test him with insult and torture, that we may find out how gentle he is,⁠ and test his patience. 20 Let’s condemn him to a shameful death, for he will be protected, according to his words.” 21 Thus they reasoned, and they were led astray; for their wickedness blinded them, 22 and they didn’t know the mysteries of God, neither did they hope for wages of holiness, nor did they discern that there is a prize for blameless souls. 23 Because God created man for incorruption, and made him an image of his own⁠ everlastingness;⁠ 24 but death entered into the world by the envy of the devil,⁠ and those who belong to him experience it.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 2:23 and Romans 5:12

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

The Wisdom of Solomon and Romans explore the origin of death, linking it to human disobedience. Wisdom attributes death to the devil’s envy and humanity’s loss of divine likeness, and Paul traces it to Adam’s disobedience, which brought death to all.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 2:23

Deuterocanon
21 Thus they reasoned, and they were led astray; for their wickedness blinded them, 22 and they didn’t know the mysteries of God, neither did they hope for wages of holiness, nor did they discern that there is a prize for blameless souls. 23 Because God created man for incorruption, and made him an image of his own everlastingness; 24 but death entered into the world by the envy of the devil, and those who belong to him experience it.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Romans 5:12

New Testament
10 For if while we were enemies we were reconciled to God through the death of his Son, how much more, since we have been reconciled, will we be saved by his life? 11 Not only this, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received this reconciliation. 12 So then, just as sin entered the world through one man and death through sin, and so death spread to all people because all sinned— 13 for before the law was given, sin was in the world, but there is no accounting for sin when there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam until Moses even over those who did not sin in the same way that Adam (who is a type of the coming one) transgressed.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

References

"... In Romans 5:12 Paul traces human sin and the death that accompanies it back to Adam: ‘therefore, just as sin came into the world through the one man (δι᾽ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου), and death through sin, so death spread to all because all sinned’. In Pauline theology, the adamic trespass means death (5:15), condemnation (5:16, 18) and the status of ‘sinner’ (5:19) for the many who, through Adam’s sin, are subjected to the reign of death (5:17, 21). But this universalism also has a particularity. While ‘all sinned’ (5:12), not all sinned ‘in the likeness of Adam’s trespass’ (ἐπὶ τῷ ὁμοιώματι τῆς παραβάσεως Ἀδάμ, 5:14). (While Wisdom explains the entrance of death in relation to the devil’s agency in Eden (2:23–24), Adam’s particular theological significance is not as the archetypal sinner, but rather as the first figure in a long history of Wisdom saving those who are ‘worthy of her’). That dubious honour had to await the coming of the Mosaic law ..."
Jonathan A. Linebaugh, God, Grace, and Righteousness in Wisdom of Solomon and Paul’s Letter to the Romans: Texts in Conversation (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 112.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 2:23 and Romans 5:12

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