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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book
Chapter 12

1 For your incorruptible spirit is in all things.⁠ 2 Therefore you convict little by little those who fall from the right way, and, putting them in remembrance by the things in which they sin, you admonish them, that escaping from their wickedness they may believe in you, O Lord.

Judgment and Mercy Toward the Canaanites

3 For truly the old inhabitants of your holy land,⁠ 4 hating them because they practiced detestable works of enchantments and unholy rites—⁠ 5 merciless slaughters of children and sacrificial banquets of men’s flesh and of blood— 6 allies in an impious fellowship, and murderers of their own helpless babes, it was your counsel to destroy by the hands of our fathers;⁠ 7 that the land which in your sight is most precious of all might receive a worthy colony of God’s servants. 8 Nevertheless you even spared these as men, and you sent hornets as forerunners of your army, to cause them to perish little by little.⁠ 9 Not that you were unable to subdue the ungodly under the hand of the righteous in battle, or by terrible beasts or by a stern word to make away with them at once, 10 but judging them little by little you gave them a chance to repent, not being ignorant that their nature by birth was evil, their wickedness inborn, and that their manner of thought would never be changed.⁠ 11 For they were a cursed seed from the beginning.⁠ It wasn’t through fear of any that you left them unpunished for their sins. 12 For who will say, “What have you done?” Or “Who will withstand your judgment?”⁠ Who will accuse you for the perishing of nations which you made? Or who will come and stand before you as an avenger for unrighteous men?⁠ 13 For there isn’t any God beside you that cares for all,⁠ that you might show that you didn’t judge unrighteously. 14 No king or prince will be able to confront you about those whom you have punished. 15 But being righteous, you rule all things righteously, deeming it a thing alien from your power to condemn one who doesn’t deserve to be punished. 16 For your strength is the source of righteousness, and your sovereignty over all makes you forbear all.⁠ 17 For when men don’t believe that you are perfect in power, you show your strength, and in dealing with those who know it, you confuse their boldness. 18 But you, being sovereign in strength, judge in gentleness, and with great forbearance you govern us; for the power is yours whenever you desire it.

Mercy as a Lesson for Israel

19 But you taught your people by such works as these, how the righteous must be kind. You made your sons have good hope, because you give repentance when men have sinned. 20 For if on those who were enemies of your servants and deserving of death, you took vengeance with so great deliberation and indulgence, giving them times and opportunities when they might escape from their wickedness,⁠ 21 with how great care you judged your sons, to whose fathers you gave oaths and covenants of good promises! 22 Therefore while you chasten us, you scourge our enemies ten thousand times more, so that we may ponder your goodness when we judge, and when we are judged may look for mercy.⁠

Wrongdoing and Its Corresponding Punishment

23 Therefore also the unrighteous that lived in a life of folly, you tormented through their own abominations. 24 For truly they went astray very far in the ways of error, taking as gods those animals which even among vile beasts were held in dishonor, deceived like foolish babes. 25 Therefore, as to unreasoning children, you sent your judgment to mock them. 26 But those who would not be admonished by mild correction will experience the deserved judgment of God. 27 For through the sufferings they were indignant of, being punished in these creatures which they supposed to be gods, they saw and recognized as the true God him whom they previously refused to know. Therefore also the result of extreme condemnation came upon them.

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 12:20 and 2 Peter 3:9

Deuterocanon · New Testament

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Summary

2 Peter echoes the Wisdom of Solomon, highlighting divine restraint and patience in judgment, describing the delay of punishment as an opportunity for genuine repentance. In Wisdom, even those deserving death are granted time to turn from their ways.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 12:20

Deuterocanon
18 But you, being sovereign in strength, judge in gentleness, and with great forbearance you govern us; for the power is yours whenever you desire it. 19 But you taught your people by such works as these, how the righteous must be kind. You made your sons have good hope, because you give repentance when men have sinned. 20 For if on those who were enemies of your servants and deserving of death, you took vengeance with so great deliberation and indulgence, giving them times and opportunities when they might escape from their wickedness, 21 with how great care you judged your sons, to whose fathers you gave oaths and covenants of good promises! 22 Therefore while you chasten us, you scourge our enemies ten thousand times more, so that we may ponder your goodness when we judge, and when we are judged may look for mercy.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

2 Peter 3:9

New Testament
7 But by the same word the present heavens and earth have been reserved for fire, by being kept for the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly. 8 Now, dear friends, do not let this one thing escape your notice, that a single day is like a thousand years with the Lord and a thousand years are like a single day. 9 The Lord is not slow concerning his promise, as some regard slowness, but is being patient toward you because he does not wish for any to perish but for all to come to repentance. 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; when it comes, the heavens will disappear with a horrific noise, and the celestial bodies will melt away in a blaze, and the earth and every deed done on it will be laid bare. 11 Since all these things are to melt away in this manner, what sort of people must you be, conducting your lives in holiness and godliness,
120–130 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Peter

References

"... Although it is certainly not overt, Wisdom of Solomon 12:20-22 may hint at the notion that the sage considers the Israelites to be the beneficiaries of collective reward ... Israel’s enemies receive God’s justice, although he spreads out his punishment so as to provide them with the possibility of saving themselves through repentance and reform. This delay in punishment to Israel’s enemies is a form of mercy, although the sinful nature of these people cannot prevent the inevitable fate of an unrepentant sinner. Likewise, the sage views the punishment experienced by Israel as a form of mercy even greater than the mercy shown to her enemies. God judges his people strictly (verse 21), yet the sage asserts that Israel can expect mercy (verse 22). The only intervening observation between the claim that God judges Israel strictly, which would normally seem to preclude mercy, and the claim that Israel can expect mercy is the recollection of promises made to Israel’s ancestors (verse 21). The divine remembrance of these promises as an act of intergenerational reward is not explicit, but it is reminiscent of the discussion of David and Solomon in Ben Sira’s Praise of the Ancestors ..."
Hilary Claire Kapfer, “Collective Accountability among the Sages of Ancient Israel” (diss., Harvard University, 2013), 179–180.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 12:20 and 2 Peter 3:9

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