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Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Water as Punishment and Deliverance

Chapter 11

1 Wisdom prospered their works in the hand of a holy prophet. 2 They traveled through a desert without inhabitant, and they pitched their tents in trackless regions. 3 They withstood enemies and repelled foes. 4 They thirsted, and they called upon you, and water was given to them out of the flinty rock, and healing of their thirst out of the hard stone. 5 For by what things their foes were punished, by these they in their need were benefited. 6 When enemies were troubled with clotted blood instead of a river’s ever-flowing fountain, 7 to rebuke the decree for the slaying of babies, you gave them abundant water beyond all hope, 8 having shown by the thirst which they had suffered how you punished the adversaries. 9 For when they were tried, although chastened in mercy, they learned how the ungodly were tormented, being judged with wrath. 10 For you tested these as a father admonishing them; but you searched out those as a stern king condemning them. 11 Yes and whether they were far off or near, they were equally distressed; 12 for a double grief seized them, and a groaning at the memory of things past. 13 For when they heard that through their own punishments the others benefited, they recognized the Lord. 14 For him who long before was thrown out and exposed they stopped mocking. In the end of what happened, they marveled, having thirsted in another manner than the righteous.

God’s Power, Patience, and Mercy

15 But in return for the senseless imaginings of their unrighteousness, by which they were led astray to worship irrational reptiles and wretched vermin,⁠ you sent upon them a multitude of irrational creatures to punish them,⁠ 16 that they might learn that by what things a man sins, by these he is punished.⁠ 17 For your all-powerful hand that created the world out of formless matter⁠ didn’t lack means to send upon them a multitude of bears, fierce lions, 18 or newly-created and unknown wild beasts, full of rage, either breathing out a blast of fiery breath, or belching out smoke, or flashing dreadful sparks from their eyes; 19 which had power not only to consume them by their violence, but to destroy them even by the terror of their sight. 20 Yes and without these they might have fallen by a single breath, being pursued by Justice, and scattered abroad by the breath of your power; but you arranged all things by measure, number, and weight.⁠ 21 For to be greatly strong is yours at all times. Who could withstand the might of your arm? 22 Because the whole world before you is as a grain in a balance, and as a drop of dew that comes down upon the earth in the morning. 23 But you have mercy on all men, because you have power to do all things,⁠ and you overlook the sins of men so that they may repent.⁠ 24 For you love all things that are, and abhor none of the things which you made; for you never would have formed anything if you hated it.⁠ 25 How would anything have endured unless you had willed it? Or that which was not called by you, how would it have been preserved? 26 But you spare all things, because they are yours, O Sovereign Lord, you who love the living.

Texts in conversation

Compare Letter of Aristeas 138 and Wisdom of Solomon 11:15

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Deuterocanon

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Summary

The Letter of Aristeas scorns Egyptians who worship wild beasts and creeping things. Wisdom of Solomon 11 uses the same Greek pairing of creeping things and beasts for Egyptian worship, then has God punish Egypt with swarms of such creatures.

Passages

Letter of Aristeas 138

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
the wisest of the Greeks. Why should we speak of other infatuated people, Egyptians and the like, who place their reliance on wild beasts and most kinds of creeping things and cattle, and worship them, and offer sacrifices to them both while living and when dead?' 'Now our Lawgiver being a wise man and specially endowed by God to understand all things, took a comprehensive view of each particular detail, and fenced us around with impregnable ramparts and walls of iron, so that we might not mingle at all with any of the other nations, but remain pure in body and soul, free from all vain imaginations, worshiping the one Almighty God above the whole
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

Wisdom of Solomon 11:15

Deuterocanon
14 For him who long before was thrown out and exposed they stopped mocking. In the end of what happened, they marveled, having thirsted in another manner than the righteous. 15 But in return for the senseless imaginings of their unrighteousness, by which they were led astray to worship irrational reptiles and wretched vermin, you sent upon them a multitude of irrational creatures to punish them, 16 that they might learn that by what things a man sins, by these he is punished. 17 For your all-powerful hand that created the world out of formless matter didn’t lack means to send upon them a multitude of bears, fierce lions,
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

“... 11: 15. brute reptiles and worthless beasts. The collocution herpeta kai knodala is found in Ps-Aristeas 138: "What need even to speak of other infatuated (polymataion) people, Egyptians and their like, who have put their reliance in wild beasts and most creeping creatures and animals (herpeton . . . kai knodalon) and worship these, and to these offer sacrifice, whether alive or dead?" Cf. Ps-Aristeas 169; Sib Or Frag. 3:22-28, 30. ...”
David Winston, The Wisdom of Solomon: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1979), 231.
“... they are especially emphatic in their denunciation of the Egyptian worship of "beasts and most kinds of creeping things and animals," "irrational creeping things and wretched animals," "animals which even their enemies held in dishonor," "serpents," and "cats." All these seem to be used by them only as an expansion of what Scripture refers to vaguely as "the abomination of the Egyptians." ...”
Harry Austryn Wolfson, Philo Foundations of Religious Philosophy in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962), 16.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Letter of Aristeas 138 and Wisdom of Solomon 11:15

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