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About this book

Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Wisdom Guides the Ancestors

Chapter 10

1 Wisdom guarded to the end the first formed father of the world, who was created alone, and delivered him out of his own transgression, 2 and gave him strength to rule over all things. 3 But when an unrighteous man fell away from her in his anger, he perished himself in the rage with which he killed his brother.⁠ 4 When because of him the earth was drowning with a flood, wisdom again saved it, guiding the righteous man’s course by a paltry piece of wood. 5 Moreover, when nations consenting together in wickedness had been confounded, wisdom knew the righteous man, and preserved him blameless to God, and kept him strong when his heart yearned toward his child.⁠ 6 While the ungodly were perishing, wisdom delivered a righteous man, when he fled from the fire that descended out of heaven on the five cities.⁠ 7 To whose wickedness a smoking waste still witnesses, and plants bearing fair fruit that doesn’t ripen, a disbelieving soul has a memorial: a standing pillar of salt.⁠ 8 For having passed wisdom by, not only were they disabled from recognising the things which are good, but they also left behind them for their life a monument of their folly, so that where they stumbled, they might fail even to be unseen; 9 but wisdom delivered those who waited on her out of troubles. 10 When a righteous man was a fugitive from a brother’s wrath, wisdom guided him in straight paths. She showed him God’s kingdom, and gave him knowledge of holy things.⁠ She prospered him in his toils, and multiplied the fruits of his labor. 11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one.⁠ 13 When a righteous man was sold, wisdom didn’t forsake him, but she delivered him from sin. She went down with him into a dungeon, 14 and in bonds she didn’t depart from him, until she brought him the sceptre of a kingdom, and authority over those that dealt like a tyrant with him. She also showed those who had mockingly accused him to be false, and gave him eternal glory.

Wisdom Delivers Israel from Egypt

15 Wisdom delivered a holy people and a blameless seed from a nation of oppressors. 16 She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord, and withstood terrible kings in wonders and signs.⁠ 17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils.⁠ She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly,⁠ and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Wisdom of Solomon 10:21 and Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 15:2

Deuterocanon · Targum

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Summary

The Aramaic translation of Exodus in Targum Pseudo-Jonathan incorporates a Jewish tradition where the Israelite infants miraculously sang during the crossing of the Red Sea, a tradition which also appears in the Wisdom of Solomon.

Passages

Wisdom of Solomon 10:21

Deuterocanon
17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils. She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly, and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 15:2

Targum
2 Our strength and the (object of) our many praises, feared by all the ages, the Lord. He declared through his Memra and he was for me a redeeming God.” From their mother's breasts the sucklings would indicate with their fingers to their fathers and would say: “This is our God who had us suck honey from the rock and oil from the flint stone at the time when our mothers went out into the open country and gave birth to us and abandoned us there. He would send an angel who would bathe us and swaddle us. And now let us praise him, the God of our fathers, and let us extol him.” 3 The children of Israel said, “The Lord is a hero who wages our wars in every generation. He makes his strength known to his people, the house of Israel. The Lord is his name; like his name is his strength. May his name be blessed forever and ever!
300–1200 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Jonathan Exodus

References

"... Now, if we suppose that this tradition was already in use in the commentary on Exodus 15 as early as the 10th century BC, we immediately understand the content of Wisdom of Solomon 10:20-21: "They celebrated, Lord, your holy Name; they sang with one heart of your protective arm. For Wisdom opened the mouths of the mute! and made clear the tongues of the little ones. The author of the book is not the first to be inspired here by Psalm 8:3, and one cannot claim that Rabbinic exegesis depends on him. Rather, he indirectly attests to the antiquity of the correlation between Exodus 15 and Psalm 8, which Rabbinic literature will consistently exploit. It has been noted that his text develops while respecting the laws of Semitic parallelism. The two hemistichs of 20 present a case of synonymous parallelism. We can therefore ask if the same is not true for the two following ones. From then on, should the mute of verse 21 be taken literally, as if the miracles of the last times (compare Isaiah 35:6) were introduced in the context of the exodus, or in a broader sense? ..."
Pierre Grelot, “Sagesse 10,21 et le Targum de l'Exode,” Bib 42.1 (1961): 49–60.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Wisdom of Solomon 10:21 and Pseudo Jonathan Exodus 15:2

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