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About this book

Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Wisdom Guides the Ancestors

Chapter 10

1 Wisdom guarded to the end the first formed father of the world, who was created alone, and delivered him out of his own transgression, 2 and gave him strength to rule over all things. 3 But when an unrighteous man fell away from her in his anger, he perished himself in the rage with which he killed his brother.⁠ 4 When because of him the earth was drowning with a flood, wisdom again saved it, guiding the righteous man’s course by a paltry piece of wood. 5 Moreover, when nations consenting together in wickedness had been confounded, wisdom knew the righteous man, and preserved him blameless to God, and kept him strong when his heart yearned toward his child.⁠ 6 While the ungodly were perishing, wisdom delivered a righteous man, when he fled from the fire that descended out of heaven on the five cities.⁠ 7 To whose wickedness a smoking waste still witnesses, and plants bearing fair fruit that doesn’t ripen, a disbelieving soul has a memorial: a standing pillar of salt.⁠ 8 For having passed wisdom by, not only were they disabled from recognising the things which are good, but they also left behind them for their life a monument of their folly, so that where they stumbled, they might fail even to be unseen; 9 but wisdom delivered those who waited on her out of troubles. 10 When a righteous man was a fugitive from a brother’s wrath, wisdom guided him in straight paths. She showed him God’s kingdom, and gave him knowledge of holy things.⁠ She prospered him in his toils, and multiplied the fruits of his labor. 11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one.⁠ 13 When a righteous man was sold, wisdom didn’t forsake him, but she delivered him from sin. She went down with him into a dungeon, 14 and in bonds she didn’t depart from him, until she brought him the sceptre of a kingdom, and authority over those that dealt like a tyrant with him. She also showed those who had mockingly accused him to be false, and gave him eternal glory.

Wisdom Delivers Israel from Egypt

15 Wisdom delivered a holy people and a blameless seed from a nation of oppressors. 16 She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord, and withstood terrible kings in wonders and signs.⁠ 17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils.⁠ She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly,⁠ and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 12:36 and Wisdom of Solomon 10:17

Hebrew Bible · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Exodus says the Israelites left Egypt with gold, silver, and clothing taken from the Egyptians as they left. The Wisdom of Solomon describes the event as an act of divine justice, treating the wealth taken as repayment for years of forced labor.

Passages

Exodus 12:36

Hebrew Bible
35 Now the Israelites had done as Moses told them—they had requested from the Egyptians silver and gold items and clothing. 36 The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, and they gave them whatever they wanted, and so they plundered Egypt. 37 The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Sukkoth. There were about 600,000 men on foot, plus their dependents. 38 A mixed multitude also went up with them, and flocks and herds—a very large number of cattle.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Wisdom of Solomon 10:17

Deuterocanon
16 She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord, and withstood terrible kings in wonders and signs. 17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils. She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... In the passage of Genesis Rabbah cited at the outset of this article, the Canaanites, the Ishmaelites, and the Egyptians are portrayed as plaintiffs against the Jews in Alexander’s court. Whereas the Canaanites and the Ishmaelites have legal claims for the ownership of the land of Israel (not “territorial claims” in the precise sense of this expression), the Egyptians’ claim is financial: They argue that the Jews should give them back the silver and gold that the Israelites took with them when they left Egypt. The Jewish answer was that whatever was taken by the Israelites was a compensation for many years of slavery. A thorough investigation of this theme is out of place in the present context; as we shall see, however, it gives an additional dimension to the problem with which this article is concerned. The dominant Jewish argument is known from the Book of Jubilees: Prince Mastema, the evil angel, was bound so that he could not accuse the Israelites for requesting utensils and clothing from the Egyptians “so that they could plunder the Egyptians in return for the fact that they were made to work when they enslaved them by force” (Jub. 48:18). The Book of Jubilees envisages an accusation against the Jews by the national angel of the Egyptians, and thus presents its own apologetic position to such accusations (either real or putative). The same justification is found in the Wisdom of Solomon (10:17), in a fragment of the Exagoge of Ezekiel the tragedian (lines 162–166) and in Philo ..."
Menahem Kister, “The Fate of the Canaanites and the Despoliation of the Egyptians,” in The Gift of the Land and the Fate of the Canaanites in Jewish Thought, ed. Katell Berthelot, Joseph E. David, and Marc Hirshman (New York: Oxford University Press, 2014), 66–111.

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Exodus 12:36 and Wisdom of Solomon 10:17

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