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About this book

Wisdom of Solomon

About this book

Wisdom Guides the Ancestors

Chapter 10

1 Wisdom guarded to the end the first formed father of the world, who was created alone, and delivered him out of his own transgression, 2 and gave him strength to rule over all things. 3 But when an unrighteous man fell away from her in his anger, he perished himself in the rage with which he killed his brother.⁠ 4 When because of him the earth was drowning with a flood, wisdom again saved it, guiding the righteous man’s course by a paltry piece of wood. 5 Moreover, when nations consenting together in wickedness had been confounded, wisdom knew the righteous man, and preserved him blameless to God, and kept him strong when his heart yearned toward his child.⁠ 6 While the ungodly were perishing, wisdom delivered a righteous man, when he fled from the fire that descended out of heaven on the five cities.⁠ 7 To whose wickedness a smoking waste still witnesses, and plants bearing fair fruit that doesn’t ripen, a disbelieving soul has a memorial: a standing pillar of salt.⁠ 8 For having passed wisdom by, not only were they disabled from recognising the things which are good, but they also left behind them for their life a monument of their folly, so that where they stumbled, they might fail even to be unseen; 9 but wisdom delivered those who waited on her out of troubles. 10 When a righteous man was a fugitive from a brother’s wrath, wisdom guided him in straight paths. She showed him God’s kingdom, and gave him knowledge of holy things.⁠ She prospered him in his toils, and multiplied the fruits of his labor. 11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one.⁠ 13 When a righteous man was sold, wisdom didn’t forsake him, but she delivered him from sin. She went down with him into a dungeon, 14 and in bonds she didn’t depart from him, until she brought him the sceptre of a kingdom, and authority over those that dealt like a tyrant with him. She also showed those who had mockingly accused him to be false, and gave him eternal glory.

Wisdom Delivers Israel from Egypt

15 Wisdom delivered a holy people and a blameless seed from a nation of oppressors. 16 She entered into the soul of a servant of the Lord, and withstood terrible kings in wonders and signs.⁠ 17 She rendered to holy men a reward of their toils.⁠ She guided them along a marvelous way, and became to them a covering in the daytime, and a starry flame through the night. 18 She brought them over the Red sea, and led them through much water; 19 but she drowned their enemies, and she cast them up from the bottom of the deep. 20 Therefore the righteous plundered the ungodly,⁠ and they sang praise to your holy name, O Lord, and extolled with one accord your hand that fought for them, 21 because wisdom opened the mouth of the mute, and made the tongues of babes speak clearly.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Testament of Levi 9:3 and Wisdom of Solomon 10:10

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Deuterocanon

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Summary

Genesis 28 shows Jacob dreaming of a ziggurat with angels going up and down. Later traditions view it differently: the Testament of Levi sees it as a vision of Levi’s priestly role, and the Wisdom of Solomon says it's Wisdom revealing God’s kingdom.

Passages

Testament of Levi 9:3

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs
1 And after two days Judah and I went up with our father Jacob to Isaac our grandfather. 2 And my grandfather blessed me according to all the words of the visions I had seen. 3 And he would not come with us to Bethel. 4 And when we came to Bethel, my father saw a vision concerning me, that I should be their priest to God. 5 And he rose early in the morning and paid tithes of everything to the Lord through me.
100 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Levi

Wisdom of Solomon 10:10

Deuterocanon
8 For having passed wisdom by, not only were they disabled from recognising the things which are good, but they also left behind them for their life a monument of their folly, so that where they stumbled, they might fail even to be unseen; 9 but wisdom delivered those who waited on her out of troubles. 10 When a righteous man was a fugitive from a brother’s wrath, wisdom guided him in straight paths. She showed him God’s kingdom, and gave him knowledge of holy things. She prospered him in his toils, and multiplied the fruits of his labor. 11 When in their covetousness men dealt harshly with him, she stood by him and made him rich. 12 She guarded him from enemies, and she kept him safe from those who lay in wait. Over his severe conflict, she watched as judge, that he might know that godliness is more powerful than every one.
50 BCE – 50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Wisdom of Solomon

References

"... Verse 10 concerns Jacob's dream during his sojourn in Bethel as recounted in Genesis 28:10-17. In these cola Wisdom's revelatory and instructional role is highlighted in chapter 10. She shows Jacob the kingdom of God and gives him knowledge of holy things (the same two verbs occur in proximity in verse 14). The two lines can be read as exhibiting synonymous parallelism, that is, the revelation of God's kingdom is equivalent to the giving of supernatural knowledge. The phrase 'kingdom of God,' is hapax in the Septuagint, and it is difficult to know its exact meaning in this context. It most likely refers to the angels ascending and descending on the ladder reaching to heaven that Jacob sees in his dream (Genesis 28:12). From his vision, Jacob gains an understanding of how God's realm functions. The following colon is probably related to this understanding. There are several ways to interpret the term. First, the word could mean 'holy ones,' referring to the angels that Jacob saw. Second, it might refer to the heavenly sanctuary and thus reflect a tradition found in Testament of Levi 9:3. In this pseudepigraphal text, Jacob has a vision concerning Levi. According to Eric Burrows, not only might the term in Wisdom of Solomon 10:10 refer to the 'privileges of Levi' as high priest as cited in Testament of Levi 9:3, but it is also a likely reference to the heavenly sanctuary ..."
Andrew T. Glicksman, Wisdom of Solomon 10: A Jewish Hellenistic Reinterpretation of Early Israelite History through Sapiential Lenses, DCLS 9 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 2011), 124–125.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Testament of Levi 9:3 and Wisdom of Solomon 10:10

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