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Tosefta Sotah

Tosefta

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Chapter 13

After the first temple was built, the Tent of Meeting was stored away, along with its boards, hooks, bars, pillars, and sockets. Even so, they used only the table which Moses had made, and the candlestick which Moses had made. The candlestick which Moses made did not require oil of anointing, for the first act of sanctification had sanctified it for its time and for all time. When the Ark was stored away, with it were stored away the bottle of manna, the jar of oil for anointing, the staff of Aaron, its buds and flowers, and the chest in which the Philistines had placed wood for the God of Israel. All of them were in the House of the Holy of Holies. And when the Ark was stored away, the commandments were stored away. Who stored it away? Josiah the King stored it away. Why did he do so? When he saw written in the Torah, The Lord will bring you and your king whom you set over you to a nation that neither you nor your fathers have known, He commanded the Levites and they hid it away,⁠ as it is said, And he said to the Levites who taught all Israel and who were holy to the Lord, put the Holy Ark in the house which Solomon, the son of David, King of Israel, built: You need no longer carry it upon your shoulders. He said to them, “Hide it away for future use, so that it will not be taken away into exile like the rest of the temple utensils, so put it back in its place, as it is said, now serve the Lord your God and his people Israel.” At once the Levites hid it away. M. R. Eliezer says, “The Ark was taken away in exile to Babylonia, as it is said, behold, the days are coming, when all that is in your house, and that which your father's have stored up till this day shall be carried to Babylonia, no thing will there be left, says the Lord, and thing refers only to the commandments which are in it.” N. R. Simeon says, “Lo, It says, In the spring of the year King Nebuchadnezzar sent and brought him to Babylonia with the precious vessels of the House of the Lord - this refers to the ark.” O. R. Judah b. Laqish says, “The Ark was hidden away in its place, as it is said, and the poles were so long that the ends of the poles were seen from the Holy Place before the inner sanctuary; But they could not be seen from outside; And they are there to this day.” When the first Temple was destroyed, kingship ceased from the house of David, and the ‘urim and tummim ceased, and cities of refuge came to an end, as it is said “And the Tirshatha said unto them, that they should not eat of themost holy things, till there stood up a priest with ‘urim and with tummim ”(Ezra 2:63), like a man who says to his friend: Until Elijah will come, or: Until the dead will live. When Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi, the latter prophets, died, the Holy Spirit came to an end in Israel, but even so, they made themhear through an echo. It happened that the sages entered into the house of Guria in Jericho and theyheard an echo saying: There is a man who is worthy to [receive] the Holy Spirit, but his generation is unworthy for that, andthey set their eyes upon Hillel the elder. And when he died, they said about him: Woe for the humble man, woe for the pious man, the disciple of Ezra. Another time they were in sitting in Yavne and heard an echo saying: There is a man who is worthy to [receive] the Holy Spirit, but his generation is unworthy for that. They set their eyes upon Samuel the Little. And when he died, they said about him: Woe for the humble man, woefor the pious man, the disciple of Hillel the Elder. Also he said at the time ofhis death: Simeon and Ishmael [are destined] to [execution by] sword, and his associates [are destined] to death, and the remainder of the people will be for spoils, and much distress will come after that. And he said it in Aramaic. Also concerning R. Judah b. Baba they ordained that they should say about him, Woe for the humble man, woe for the pious man, disciple Samuel the Little. But the times did not allow it. The year in which Shimon the Righteous died [he said to them] "in this year I will die" "how do you know this?" they responded. He (Shimon the Righteous) responded: "all of the Yom Kippur days there was an old man dressed in all white who would go with me into the holy of holies and leave with me, on this year he went in with me but did not come out with me." Seven days passed after the holiday and he died. From the time of the death of Rebbi Shimon the Righteous they ceased blessing in the name of Hashem.

Texts in conversation

Compare 2 Maccabees 2:5 and Tosefta Sotah 13:1

Deuterocanon · Rabbinic

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Summary

In 2 Maccabees, Jeremiah hides the tent, ark, and altar in a cave, sealing the entrance so no one could find it. Rabbinic tradition in the Tosefta describes a similar act but credits it to Josiah, who hides the ark.

Passages

2 Maccabees 2:5

Deuterocanon
1 It is also found in the records that Jeremiah the prophet commanded those who were carried away to take some of the fire, as has been mentioned, 2 and how that the prophet charged those who were carried away, having given them the law, that they should not forget the statutes of the Lord or be led astray in their minds when they saw images of gold and silver, and their adornment. 3 With other such words he exhorted them, that the law should not depart from their hearts. 4 It was in the writing that the prophet, being warned by God, commanded that the tabernacle and the ark should follow with him, when he went out to the mountain where Moses had gone up and saw God’s inheritance. 5 Jeremiah came and found a cave, he brought the tabernacle, the ark, and the altar of incense into it; then he sealed the entrance. 6 Some of those who followed with him came there that they might mark the way, and could not find it.
160–63 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 2 Maccabees

Tosefta Sotah 13:1

Rabbinic · Tosefta
After the first temple was built, the Tent of Meeting was stored away, along with its boards, hooks, bars, pillars, and sockets. Even so, they used only the table which Moses had made, and the candlestick which Moses had made. The candlestick which Moses made did not require oil of anointing, for the first act of sanctification had sanctified it for its time and for all time. When the Ark was stored away, with it were stored away the bottle of manna, the jar of oil for anointing, the staff of Aaron, its buds and flowers, and the chest in which the Philistines had placed wood for the God of Israel. All of them were in the House of the Holy of Holies. And when the Ark was stored away, the commandments were stored away. Who stored it away? Josiah the King stored it away. Why did he do so? When he saw written in the Torah, The Lord will bring you and your king whom you set over you to a nation that neither you nor your fathers have known, He commanded the Levites and they hid it away, as it is said, And he said to the Levites who taught all Israel and who were holy to the Lord, put the Holy Ark in the house which Solomon, the son of David, King of Israel, built: You need no longer carry it upon your shoulders.
190–230 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Tosefta Sotah

References

"... A well-defined theme emerges in chapter 13, however, apart from a continuation of the chronological sequence. It is a tractate about the holy spirit. It continues (and amplifies) the appearance of this theme at the end of chapter 12 with regard to Elijah. It narrates a story of continual deterioration of the revelatory mechanisms: the biblical oracular mechanism of ‘urim and Thummim (see Exodus 28:30; Numbers 27:21) ceased immediately at the destruction of the First Temple, and then, after the deaths of Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi at the beginning of the Second Temple period, the holy spirit ended. This is also the context of the hiding of the Ark by King Josiah in 13:1, “so it not be exiled to Babylon,” for the ark was the locus of the revelation in the Holy of Holies. (On hiding the ark, compare 2 Maccabees 2:5 where Jeremiah rather than Josiah is the protagonist) ..."
Ishay Rosen-Zvi, “Between Wisdom and Apocalypse: Reading Tosefta Soṭah Chapters 10–15,” HTR 115.1 (2022): 1–23.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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2 Maccabees 2:5 and Tosefta Sotah 13:1

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