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Testament of Moses

Assumption of Moses

About this book
Chapter 11

And when Joshua had heard the words of Moses that were so written in his writing all that he had before said, he tore his clothes and cast himself at Moses' feet. And Moses comforted him and wept with him. And Joshua answered him and said: 'Why do you comfort me, (my) lord Moses? And how shall I be comforted in regard to the bitter word which you have spoken which has gone out from your mouth, which is full of tears and lamentation, in that you depart from this people? (But now) what place shall receive you?⁠ Or what shall be the sign that marks (your) sepulcher? Or who shall dare to move your body from there as that of a mere man from place to place? For all men when they die have according to their age their sepulchers on earth; but your sepulcher is from the rising to the setting sun, and from the south to the confines of the north: all the world is your sepulcher. My lord, you are departing, and who shall feed this people? Or who is there that shall have compassion on them and who shall be their guide by the way? Or who shall pray for them, not omitting a single day, in order that I may lead them into the land of their forefathers? How therefore am I to foster this people as a father (his) only son, or as a lady her daughter, a virgin who is being prepared to be given to the husband whom she will revere, while she guards her person from the sun and (takes care) that her feet are not bare for running upon the ground. (And how) shall I supply them with food and drink according to the pleasure of their will? For of them, there shall be 600,000 (men), for these have multiplied to this degree through your prayers, (my) lord Moses. And what wisdom or understanding have I that I should judge or answer by word in the house (of the Lord)? And the kings of the Amorites also when they hear that we are attacking them, believing that there is no longer among them the holy spirit who was worthy of the Lord, manifold and incomprehensible, the lord of the word, who was faithful in all things, God's chief prophet throughout the earth, the most perfect teacher in the world, [that he is no longer among them], shall say "Let us go against them. If the enemy has but once acted impiously against their Lord, they have no advocate to offer prayers on their behalf to the Lord, like Moses the great messenger,⁠ who every hour day and night had his knees fixed to the earth, praying and looking for help to Him that rules all the world with compassion and righteousness, reminding Him of the covenant of the fathers and propitiating the Lord with the oath." For they shall say: "He is not with them: let us go therefore and destroy them from off the face of the earth." What shall then become of this people, my lord Moses?'

Texts in conversation

Compare Deuteronomy 34:6 and Testament of Moses 11:8

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Testaments

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Summary

In Deuteronomy 34, Moses is buried in a place no one knows. The Testament of Moses tries to explain why, when Joshua asks before Moses dies what place could hold his body and answers that the whole world is his grave.

Passages

Deuteronomy 34:6

Hebrew Bible
5 So Moses, the servant of the Lord, died there in the land of Moab as the Lord had said. 6 He buried him in the valley in the land of Moab near Beth Peor, but no one knows his exact burial place to this very day. 7 Moses was 120 years old when he died, but his eye was not dull nor had his vitality departed. 8 The Israelites mourned for Moses in the rift valley plains of Moab for thirty days; then the days of mourning for Moses ended.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Deuteronomy

Testament of Moses 11:8

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Assumption of Moses
'Why do you comfort me, (my) lord Moses? And how shall I be comforted in regard to the bitter word which you have spoken which has gone out from your mouth, which is full of tears and lamentation, in that you depart from this people? (But now) what place shall receive you? Or what shall be the sign that marks (your) sepulcher? Or who shall dare to move your body from there as that of a mere man from place to place? For all men when they die have according to their age their sepulchers on earth; but your sepulcher is from the rising to the setting sun, and from the south to the confines of the north: all the world is your sepulcher.
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Moses

References

“... In As. Mos. 11:1-19, Joshua is described as reacting to Moses' prophecy in despair (11:1-4). In a long list of questions he expresses his fear of a future without Moses. This passage forms an expansion of the basic pattern of the testament genre. In most other examples of the genre, the testator delivers his speech uninterruptedly and dies. A statement concerning his death may be followed by a note on the bereaved lamenting the deceased or taking care of his funeral. [...] The questions Joshua asks can be divided into three sections. In the first set of questions (11:5-8), the problem of Moses' burial is addressed: no human being, it is said, is worthy of burying Moses, and no memorial matching Moses' glory can be made. This problem emerges from the biblical passage on Moses' burial site, which is said to be unknown (Deut. 34:6), and was probably addressed in the ending of As. Mos., which in all likelihood related the burial of Moses by angels (see the commentary on the lost ending). ...”
Johannes Tromp, The Assumption of Moses: A Critical Edition with Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 1993), 241.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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