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Testament of Moses

Assumption of Moses

About this book
Chapter 11

And when Joshua had heard the words of Moses that were so written in his writing all that he had before said, he tore his clothes and cast himself at Moses' feet. And Moses comforted him and wept with him. And Joshua answered him and said: 'Why do you comfort me, (my) lord Moses? And how shall I be comforted in regard to the bitter word which you have spoken which has gone out from your mouth, which is full of tears and lamentation, in that you depart from this people? (But now) what place shall receive you?⁠ Or what shall be the sign that marks (your) sepulcher? Or who shall dare to move your body from there as that of a mere man from place to place? For all men when they die have according to their age their sepulchers on earth; but your sepulcher is from the rising to the setting sun, and from the south to the confines of the north: all the world is your sepulcher. My lord, you are departing, and who shall feed this people? Or who is there that shall have compassion on them and who shall be their guide by the way? Or who shall pray for them, not omitting a single day, in order that I may lead them into the land of their forefathers? How therefore am I to foster this people as a father (his) only son, or as a lady her daughter, a virgin who is being prepared to be given to the husband whom she will revere, while she guards her person from the sun and (takes care) that her feet are not bare for running upon the ground. (And how) shall I supply them with food and drink according to the pleasure of their will? For of them, there shall be 600,000 (men), for these have multiplied to this degree through your prayers, (my) lord Moses. And what wisdom or understanding have I that I should judge or answer by word in the house (of the Lord)? And the kings of the Amorites also when they hear that we are attacking them, believing that there is no longer among them the holy spirit who was worthy of the Lord, manifold and incomprehensible, the lord of the word, who was faithful in all things, God's chief prophet throughout the earth, the most perfect teacher in the world, [that he is no longer among them], shall say "Let us go against them. If the enemy has but once acted impiously against their Lord, they have no advocate to offer prayers on their behalf to the Lord, like Moses the great messenger,⁠ who every hour day and night had his knees fixed to the earth, praying and looking for help to Him that rules all the world with compassion and righteousness, reminding Him of the covenant of the fathers and propitiating the Lord with the oath." For they shall say: "He is not with them: let us go therefore and destroy them from off the face of the earth." What shall then become of this people, my lord Moses?'

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 32:13 and Testament of Moses 11:17

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Testaments

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Summary

In Exodus 32, Moses calms God's anger over the golden calf by reminding him of his oath to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. In the Testament of Moses, Joshua fears that once Moses dies, no one will be left to pray for Israel and remind God of that oath.

Passages

Exodus 32:13

Hebrew Bible
11 But Moses sought the favor of the Lord his God and said, “O Lord, why does your anger burn against your people, whom you have brought out from the land of Egypt with great power and with a mighty hand? 12 Why should the Egyptians say, ‘For evil he led them out to kill them in the mountains and to destroy them from the face of the earth’? Turn from your burning anger, and relent of this evil against your people. 13 Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel your servants, to whom you swore by yourself and told them, ‘I will multiply your descendants like the stars of heaven, and all this land that I have spoken about I will give to your descendants, and they will inherit it forever.’” 14 Then the Lord relented over the evil that he had said he would do to his people.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Testament of Moses 11:17

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Assumption of Moses
If the enemy has but once acted impiously against their Lord, they have no advocate to offer prayers on their behalf to the Lord, like Moses the great messenger, who every hour day and night had his knees fixed to the earth, praying and looking for help to Him that rules all the world with compassion and righteousness, reminding Him of the covenant of the fathers and propitiating the Lord with the oath." For they shall say: "He is not with them: let us go therefore and destroy them from off the face of the earth." What shall then become of this people, my lord Moses?'
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Moses

References

“... The title nuntius should be explained in relation to the mediating office commonly associated with prophets and priests. These mediators may, as such, be called μεσίτης and ἄγγελος. Thus, in As. Mos., Moses is called μεσίτης (arbiter) in 1:14, and ἄγγελος/nuntius in 11:17. As a mediator, his task is to establish the covenant between God and his people (1:14; 3:12); as a messenger, he is appointed to intercede for Israel (11:17; 12:6), and to defend the people against their enemies (11:17-18). This concept of Moses can be illustrated by Philo, De vita Mosis II 166, where it is said of Moses that, although he was shattered upon hearing on Sinai of the people's sin with the golden calf, he did not hurry towards them, but, being a mediator and reconciler (οἷα μεσίτης καὶ διαλλάκτης), he first prayed (ἱκεσίας καὶ λιτὰς ἐποιεῖτο) in order that the people's sins be forgiven. After the protector and intercessor (κηδεμὼν καὶ παραιτητής) had softened God's wrath, he returned to pronounce sentence on the offenders on behalf of the Lord (cf. Exod. 32:11-14, 28-35; Ps. 106[105]:19-23). ...”
Johannes Tromp, The Assumption of Moses: A Critical Edition with Commentary (Leiden: Brill, 1993), 230–231.

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Exodus 32:13 and Testament of Moses 11:17

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