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Testament of Moses

Assumption of Moses

About this book
Chapter 1

The Testament of Moses, the things which he commanded in the one hundred and twentieth year of his life, that is the two thousand five hundredth year from the creation of the world: [But according to oriental reckoning the two thousand and seven hundredth, and the four hundredth after the departure from Phoenicia], when the people had gone forth after the Exodus that was made by Moses to Amman beyond the Jordan, in the prophecy that was made by Moses in the book Deuteronomy: and he called to him Joshua the son of Nun, a man approved by the Lord, that he might be the minister of the people and of the tabernacle of the testimony with all its holy things, and that he might bring the people into the land given to their fathers, that it should be given to them according to the covenant and the oath, which He spoke in the tabernacle to give (it) by Joshua: saying to Joshua these words: '(Be strong) and of good courage so as to do with your might all that has been commanded that you may be blameless before God.' So says the Lord of the world. For He has created the world on behalf of His people. But He was not pleased to manifest this purpose of creation from the foundation of the world, in order that the Gentiles might thereby be convicted, yes, to their own humiliation might by (their) arguments convict one another. Accordingly He designed and devised me, and He prepared me before the foundation of the world, that I should be the mediator of His covenant.⁠ And now I declare to you that the time of the years of my life is fulfilled and I am passing away to sleep with my fathers even in the presence of all the people And receive this writing that you may know how to preserve the books which I shall deliver to you: and you shall set these in order and anoint them with oil of cedar and put them away in earthen vessels⁠ in the place which He made from the beginning of the creation of the world, that His name should be called upon until the day of repentance in the visitation with which the Lord will visit them in the consummation of the end of the days.

Texts in conversation

Compare Testament of Moses 1:14 and 1 Peter 1:20

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · New Testament

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Summary

In the Testament of Moses, Moses says God prepared him before the foundation of the world to be the mediator of his covenant. 1 Peter uses the same phrase for Jesus, who was foreknown before the foundation of the world and revealed in the last times.

Passages

Testament of Moses 1:14

Pseudepigrapha, Testaments · Assumption of Moses
For He has created the world on behalf of His people. But He was not pleased to manifest this purpose of creation from the foundation of the world, in order that the Gentiles might thereby be convicted, yes, to their own humiliation might by (their) arguments convict one another. Accordingly He designed and devised me, and He prepared me before the foundation of the world, that I should be the mediator of His covenant. And now I declare to you that the time of the years of my life is fulfilled and I am passing away to sleep with my fathers even in the presence of all the people And receive this writing that you may know how to preserve the books which I shall deliver to you:
20–50 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Testament of Moses

1 Peter 1:20

New Testament
18 You know that from your empty way of life inherited from your ancestors you were ransomed—not by perishable things like silver or gold, 19 but by precious blood like that of an unblemished and spotless lamb, namely Christ. 20 He was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was manifested in these last times for your sake. 21 Through him you now trust in God, who raised him from the dead and gave him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God.
80–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Peter

References

“... I Peter 1.20 - Jesus was destined before the foundation of the world but was made manifest at the end of the times for your sake. Test.Mos. 1.14 - Moses says, ‘He designed and devised me, and he prepared me before the foundation of the world that I should be the mediator of his covenant’. Evidently, in each case the author wanted to say that the work of Moses/Jesus was in no way accidental, but rather had been planned from the beginning. That is to say, the Testament of Moses and I Peter are examples of Jews of the first century using the language of pre-existence, or at least of predestination, to express the claim that Moses/Jesus was the climax of the divine purpose prepared from the beginning of time. In each case the language used is a way of expressing the sovereignty of God more than any idea that Moses or Jesus had themselves existed at the beginning of time. ...”
James D. G. Dunn, The Partings of the Ways Between Christianity and Judaism and their Significance for the Character of Christianity (London: SCM, 2006), 278.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Testament of Moses 1:14 and 1 Peter 1:20

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